<p>The Garibaldi-Meucci Museum, formerly known as the Garibaldi Memorial, is a circa 1840 Gothic Revival cottage in the Rosebank section of Staten Island, New York. It was home to inventor and candle maker Antonio Meucci . The Italian revolutionary and political leader Giuseppe Garibaldi  lived there from 1851 to 1853.</p><br>
<p>In 1884 a plaque commemorating Garibaldis stay was placed on the building, with Meucci in attendance. Since then, the site has been the location of a number of protests and celebrations on the anniversary of Garibaldis birth.</p><br>
<p>A memorial to Meucci was erected in the front yard in 1923. In 1956 the house was opened as the Garibaldi-Meucci Museum, helping to celebrate Italian-American heritage and culture, as well as the lives of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Antonio Meucci. The museum is owned by the National Order Sons of Italy Foundation and administered by the New York Grand Lodge Order Sons of Italy in America.</p><br>
<p>After a major restoration, the museum was rededicated in a ceremony on July 11, 2009, involving museum president John Dabbene, Salvatore Lanzilotta, president of the New York State Order of the Sons of Italy in America, and USA Congressional Representative Michael McMahon.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Kyriaki  is a village in the central part of the Evros regional unit in Greece, in the municipal unit of Orfeas of the municipality Soufli. With 100 inhabitants  it is the least populated community in the municipal unit. Kyriaki is in a valley in the wooded Eastern Rhodope Mountains, 15 km southeast of the Bulgarian-Greek border. It is situated between the villages Mikro Dereio and Protokklisi.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village was founded by the Ottoman Turks in the 14th century, it was known as Kayadjik(Turkish: Kayajik). Its population was 310 Bulgarian families in 1830, 236 families (houses) in 1878, and 230 families in 1912. According to professor Lyubomir Miletich, the 1912 population had around 200 Bulgarian families. After a brief period of Bulgarian rule between 1913 and 1919, it became part of Greece. As a result its Bulgarian and Turkish population was exchanged with Greek refugees, mainly from today&#39;s Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>Person</h2><br>
<p>Nikola Atanasov Spirov (1908-?), Bulgarian leader of the Internal Thracian Revolutionary Organisation (1944–1961)</p><br>
<p>Walker&#39;s Cay is the northernmost island in the Bahamas, part of the North Abaco district. Once a popular sport fishing location, the island has been deserted since 2004, following severe hurricane damage.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Walkers Cay lies 53 miles to the northeast of West End, Grand Bahama, in the northern Bahamas. Its surface is only about 100 acres. The island sits on the edge of the Little Bahama Bank, the bank containing shallow, green-colored water, averaging about 10 feet in depth. However, on the north side of Walkers Cay, the water drops off sharply into deep blue ocean depths. The closest island is Grand Cay.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Walkers Cay was named after Thomas Walker, a British judge exiled on the island in the early 1700s. After his death in 1721, the island remained uninhabited for over two hundred years, until Buzz Shonnard, a businessman from Palm Beach, Florida, leased the land from the Bahamian government in 1935 and built a small hotel, attracting anglers and tourists to the island. A 75-slip marina was built, and an airstrip, Walkers Cay Airport, with a 2,500 foot runway suitable for light aircraft.</p><br>
<p>Shonnard had connections with affluent American sport fishermen of the 1930s and promoted Walkers Cay as a location for billfishing. Blue marlin in excess of 500 lbs have been caught off Walkers Cay.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, Walker&#39;s Cay was used by the USA Military as an anti-submarine base, since its airstrip allowed aircraft to patrol the waters near the southeast Florida coast.</p><br>
<p>One of Walkers Cays seasonal residents was American businessman Robert Abplanalp, the inventor of modern-day aerosol valve for spray cans. Abplanalp bought the lease on the island in 1968 and continued to develop it as a sport fishing destination, while paying attention at the same time to the conservation of the island.</p><br>
<p>Various celebrities became regular visitors of Walker&#39;s Cay, such as US President Richard Nixon, actress Jane Fonda, singer Roger Daltrey and athletes like Davey Johnson and Roger Staubach.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>Abplanalp died in 2003, and the following year the islands fortunes were dealt a further blow, when two severe hurricanes, Frances and Jeanne, destroyed the hotel and marina, which were not rebuilt. Despite some recent expressions of interest from US investors to purchase the island and revive it, as of 2014 Walkers Cay remains essentially deserted.</p><br>
<p>The Walker&#39;s Cay marine area was declared a national park in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Ritcher House is considered to be one of the best examples of Frank Lloyd Wright&#39;s Usonian mode of design in North Carolina. Located near downtown Raleigh, the house is one of many Modernist houses that were built in the city during the mid-20th century. Most of these homes were designed by faculty members of the North Carolina State University School of Design. Established in 1948 by Henry Kamphoefner, the school hired several Modernist architects as faculty members. Kamphoefner was awarded the North Carolina Award for Fine Arts in 1978 for his work and for his encouragement of other Modernists to build and design homes in the state. On September 21, 1994, the Ritcher House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The house is also a Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>George Matsumoto, a professor teaching architectural classes at North Carolina State University, designed the Ritcher House in 1951 along with Henry Kamphoefner. The house was built on a modest budget and is an example of modular constructivism and timber framing.</p><br>
<p>The Federal Building, also known as the Century Post Office, is a historic building located on Fayetteville Street in Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. It was the first Federal Government project in the South following the Civil War. Construction of the building began in 1874 and was completed in 1878. The building&#39;s Second Empire design was by Alfred B. Mullett whose more famous works included the Old Executive Office Building located near the White House. The Federal Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and is a Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>After completion of the building, local offices of federal agencies, such as the post office, were located on the first floor. The United States District Court was located on the second floor and at the time was considered the best fitted courtroom in North Carolina. In 1913, the building was doubled in size to accommodate the effects of city growth. The building was renovated and its original materials and most of its detailing were replicated. In 1939, the building was expanded with the same exterior design being applied to the new addition.</p><br>
<p>Federal Government agencies grew rapidly after World War II. Due to this growth, the majority of the offices located in the Federal Building were moved to rented facilities located throughout Raleigh. A new Federal Building was constructed downtown to consolidate the agencies in 1970. The facility also became the new home of the court and post office’s administrative facility. In 1978, the original Federal Building was renovated and renamed Century Station to commemorate the 100th year anniversary of its opening. Currently, it serves as a post office for downtown Raleigh and as the United States Bankruptcy Court.</p><br>
<p>The old Roane County Courthouse building in Kingston, Tennessee, the county seat of Roane County. Built in the 1850s, it is one of six remaining antebellum county courthouses in the state of Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The old courthouse was the county&#39;s second courthouse building, replacing the original brick courthouse built in 1803. Construction of the new courthouse was authorized by the Roane County Court in January 1853. A local newspaper reported in November 25, 1854 that the building was "nearly completed," but records suggest that it was not ready for occupancy until about 1856.</p><br>
<p>Architects for the building&#39;s design were Augustus O. Fisher and Frederick B. Guenther. Fisher was from a family that was active in the building trade in southwest Virginia and east Tennessee. Guenther, who was born in Dresden, Germany, had arrived in the United States in 1844 as an agent for a land company. He had been one of the founders of the town of Wartburg in nearby Morgan County, Tennessee, and had overseen the construction of several buildings in Wartburg. The courthouse is designed in the Greek Revival style with some influences of Federal architecture.</p><br>
<p>The material for the courthouse construction included locally grown lumber, stone from a local source, and bricks manufactured on the project site by African-American slaves.</p><br>
<p>The building was used as a courthouse until 1974, when Roane County&#39;s court and government offices were relocated to a new courthouse building on an adjacent site. The old courthouse currently houses a museum.</p><br>
<p>In 1971, the courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Bachelor&#39;s Hope is a historic house in Centreville, Maryland. Built between 1798 and 1815, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was built of a combination of brick and frame; the gable ends are of brick, while the sides are frame. The five-bay structure is one-and-one-half stories tall, and two rooms deep. The house has a single chimney, centered</p><br>
<p>on the gable, at each end; each chimney is fed by double fireplaces in each gable wall. All of the brick construction, including the foundation, was laid in five-course common bond.</p><br>
<p>The house has its entrance in the central bay; unusually, the door is flanked by 2/2 sidelights on each side. The rest of the main facade, which faces south towards the old road to Queenstown, is arranged symmetrically; on the first floor, two 9/6 sash windows may be found on either side of the door. Above these are three gable-roofed dormers with 6/6 sash. The facade also has a modern, three-bay porch. The back facade of the house is similar to the front; the paneled door in the center bay has no sidelights, but is flanked on each side by 6/6 windows. Three gable-roofed 6/6/ sash dormers sit above the central door.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s interior is an unusual variation on the central hall Georgian plan in which each of the rooms differs in size from the others. Both front rooms contain fireplaces, each centered on the gable wall. The one in the southeast room retains a mantel from the early nineteenth century and fine examples of an interior cornice and raised paneling below the south windows; the baseboard and chair rail are all original. Similar trappings - baseboard, chair rail, and paneling - remain in the southwest room as well. The room to the northwest, by comparison, seems plain; its mantel dates to the late nineteenth century, as does its window trim. The northeast room has been modernized, and now serves as a kitchen. To the rear of the first story is a hall, adjoining which is an enclosed winder stair; this gives access to the second floor. Nearly all of the trim on the second story is original, including window and door architraves, fireplace surrounds, and raised panel doors.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Bachelors Hope is considered important because of the unusual features combined in its design; it is believed to be a unique house on the central Eastern Shore of Maryland. The technology used to build it, combining brick gable ends and frame sides, is rarely seen today in surviving buildings. The double pile floor plan is unusual for a house of this size, as is the rarely seen variation on the Georgian central-hall plan. Adding to its historic value, the structure is fairly close to its original condition, some alterations to the first floor notwithstanding. Much of the early fabric remains intact; in addition to the above-noted items may be seen original horizontal beaded wainscoting in the northwest room and the first floors rear hall, and all of the original woodwork on the second story.</p><br>
<p>Oliver&#39;s Island is a small, heavily wooded river island, or ait, in the River Thames in England. It is located in the London Borough of Hounslow on the Tideway near Kew, and is opposite Strand-on-the-Green in Chiswick.</p><br>
<p>The island derives its name from a story that Oliver Cromwell once took refuge on it, but there is almost certainly no truth in this story. It was called Strand Ayt until a century after the Civil War, by which time a myth had arisen that Cromwell had set up an intermittent headquarters at the Bull&#39;s Head, Strand-on-the-Green. The story was embellished with the suggestion that a secret tunnel connected the island to the inn, but no evidence of any tunnel has ever been found.</p><br>
<p>In 1777 the City of London&#39;s navigation committee installed a tollbooth on Oliver’s Island to levy charges on passing craft to fund improvements to the river’s navigability. This was a wooden structure in the shape of a small castle, and a barge was moored alongside, from which the tolls were taken. The "City Barge" gave its name to the inn at Strand-on-the-Green. Successor barges were often stationed here to collect tolls until a dock was built on the Surrey shore. There was a smithy on the island by 1865 and it became a place where barges were built and repaired. In 1857 the Thames Conservancy took over navigation responsibilities from the City of London and in 1909 assigned Oliver&#39;s Island to the Port of London Authority (PLA), which used it as a storage depot and as a wharf for derelict vessels. When the PLA tried to sell the island in 1971, the Strand on the Green Association, an amenity society formed by residents for their locality, led the protests and the plan was quickly dropped. The smithy was demolished in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The thickly wooded island is now a haven for herons, cormorants and Canada geese.</p><br>
<p>The Main Street Historic District in Danbury, Connecticut, United States, is the oldest section of that city, at its geographical center. It has long been the city&#39;s commercial core and downtown. Its 132 buildings, 97 of which are considered contributing properties, include government buildings, churches, commercial establishments and residences, all in a variety of architectural styles from the late 18th century to the early 20th. It is the only major industrial downtown of its size in Connecticut not to have developed around either port facilities or a water power site.</p><br>
<p>It was called Town Street when Danbury was first settled in the late 17th century. For over a century afterwards the "long, straggling street" was synonymous with Danbury, to the point that farmers in the area referred to it as Danbury Street. The Revolutionary War in that area of Connecticut began in the future district, where a marker indicates the first shot fired at the British. As the city began growing toward the mid-19th century, its development was shaped by the arrival of the railroads, which helped the city&#39;s hatmakers dominate their industry.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-20th century the area began to decline. Hats became less popular after World War II, causing the hat factories to close. The floods of 1955 took a toll, with some businesses choosing not to rebuild. Other businesses left later for a new shopping mall elsewhere in the city. Main Street was largely spared the demolition that accompanied urban renewal elsewhere in the country, and it was recognized as the city&#39;s only historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Its contributing properties, ranging from the 1780s to the 1930s, reflects a diversity of uses and styles with a heavy concentration of the Italianate commercial architecture of the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Today, downtown Danbury is once again thriving due to a variety of factors. Businesses formed a special taxing district to raise money for infrastructure maintenance and improvement, and the city used state grants to build popular attractions near downtown like a rail museum and ice arena. Danburys population has also increased in the late 20th century as it became a popular exurban enclave for New York metropolitan area commuters, and Latin American immigrants have settled in and established businesses along Main Street despite tensions with the citys mayor.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district follows a three-quarter–mile (0.75 mi) section of Main Street (state highway CT 53) from 34 and 43 Main (the John Rider House, now the citys historical museum) at the south end to White Street at the north. At both ends there are distinct changes—a shift to more modern construction at the south end and the flood control measures along the Still River at the north—that distinguish the district from adjacent areas. Portions of nine side streets are included, varying from most of the adjacent blocks of Elm, Keeler, West and White streets and Library Place to single properties on Boughton Street and Post Office Place. The entire Wooster Street Cemetery is within the district as well. At the northeast corner, Ives Street is also included to Delay Place and Railroad Street. The geographic center of Danbury is close to 238 Main Street. The terrain slopes slightly from south to north along the Stills flood plain, but appears level.</p><br>
<p>To the north Main Street continues to be predominantly commercial, all the way to Interstate 84 (also, at that point, US 6/7/202) a mile (1.6 km) north. Large-scale residential development mixes with the commercial development south of the district, to where Route 53 leaves to follow South Street towards Bethel. East downtown continues a few blocks to the railroad tracks and the train station), with a small residential neighborhood intervening between downtown and Western Connecticut State University. Residential neighborhoods are to the west.</p><br>
<p>The district is a heavily developed urban core with mostly commercial buildings, predominantly two-story structures fronting on Main Street, some mixed use with apartments on the upper stories. Among them are some government buildings such as the post office and courthouse and churches such as St. Peters, whose 175 ft spire dominates the citys skyline. Single- and multiple-unit residential properties are generally on the side streets. In addition to the parking lots, there is some open space, most significantly Elmwood Park, in the center of from roughly north of Park Place to south of Center Street. From there to the district&#39;s north end it continues as a narrow planted median strip.</p><br>
<p>Within the districts 47 acre area are 132 properties, 97 of which are contributing to the districts historic character. One, the John Rider House, currently used as a local historical museum, is also listed on the Register individually. The architectural styles represented run from the Georgian houses contemporary with the Riders near the south end of the district, its oldest area, to Colonial Revival and Modernist buildings near its north end, reflecting the business district&#39;s expansion in that direction over the course of that time. There are also several historical monuments considered contributing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>For the first century and a half of its existence, Danbury and Main Street were one and the same. The arrival of the railroads in the mid-19th century and the growth of the citys hatmaking industry began to expand it beyond Mains immediate neighborhood, and by the end of the century what had been a small village was a city with Main Street as its civic and commercial core.</p><br>
<p>Another mode of transportation, the automobile, began having an adverse effect on Main Street in the 20th century, routing traffic away from it and making outlying areas more commercially viable and accessible. Revitalization measures by the city have offset this effect somewhat, as has the area&#39;s attractiveness to immigrants from Latin America.</p><br>
<h3>1684–1800: Settlement</h3><br>
<p>Danbury began with Main Street. The first eight families who moved up from Norwalk to start an agricultural community on the frontier in 1684 called it Town Street. Their success led to the subsequent establishment of smaller communities like New Milford, Newtown and Ridgefield on the periphery of the new community. Danburys location at the junction of the main north-south route up the Housatonic valley and the east-west route coming into Connecticut from New Yorks Hudson Valley to the west helped it prosper further. For these early settlers, the center of community life was the Congregationalist church they built on what is now the site of the Wooster Street cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Most of the early buildings were destroyed in a British raid during 1777. During the Revolutionary War Danbury was a supply depot for the Continental Army due to its location. An army hospital was also established, and local artificers manufactured nails, wagons, shoes and harnesses for military use.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after independence, in 1784, Danbury was designated a half-shire town, essentially sharing county seat functions with Fairfield. The Congregationalist church that had been the village&#39;s first center moved north a few blocks to the West Street corner in 1785, spurring some development there as it remained the center of community life. In 1792, the first courthouse and jail were built on the sites occupied by the modern buildings today.</p><br>
<h3>1801–1851: Early industrialization</h3><br>
<p>Postwar rebuilding led to the establishment of the industries that made Danbury prosperous for over a century. Hatmaking had existed there even before the Revolution, but in the decades afterwards the village led the country in the field. By 1800 its hatters were producing 20,000 annually. They established retail outlets in the Southern states, and were followed by local makers of boots, shoes, saddles and horn combs. Some buildings from this period remain, such as the 1790 John Dodd shop now on the Rider House museum property, the oldest extant commercial building in the city.</p><br>
<p>In 1801 the land that is now Elmwood Park was donated to the village for use as a town common. It would be used as a drilling area for the local militia and the early fairs of the Fairfield County Agricultural Society, which later became Danbury Fair. Today&#39;s side streets had existed since the late 18th century, but Danbury during this period was still seen by outsiders as "...built principally upon one street, which for more than a mile exhibits an almost continued range of buildings, consisting of dwelling houses, mercantile stores, hat factories, mechanic shops and churches." Farmers who came into town referred to it as Danbury Street.</p><br>
<p>In 1822, the state granted borough status to Main Street and the area around it. That allowed it to form fire companies and develop a water supply system. Growth continued, and a branch of the Fairfield County Bank was opened in 1826. Two years later a new jail was built on the same site as the current former jail building. In 1829 the last parcel belonging to the Congregational church, a large lot on the west side of the common, was sold and subdivided to pay a departing minister. Large double houses, such as 101–103 and 105–107 Main, were built on the land in the following decade. A Universalist church was built on the common in 1833. The Fry & Gregory saddle factory, built in 1836 at 68 Main Street, is one of the extant buildings exemplifying commercial activity during this period.</p><br>
<p>The first local bank, the Savings Bank of Danbury, was established by local businessmen in the home of treasurer George Ives, grandfather of composer Charles Ives, on Main Street. Soon after, downtown would reach its modern extent in 1852 with the coming of the Danbury and Norwalk Railroad. The landowners of northern Main Street, also stockholders in the railroad, had its passenger depot built at the present location of the post office, helping to increase the value of their land and businesses. A promised secondary depot at the common was never built, and the northern Main Street landowners also defeated a proposal to expand the common into a "central park". The landowners and businessmen of southern Main Street spent their own money to remake the common into Elmwood Park, planting it with elm trees and a hay crop.</p><br>
<h3>1851–1945: Industrial peak</h3><br>
<p>The railroads brought significant change to downtown. During the 1850s the first multi-story brick commercial blocks were erected downtown, starting with Phineas Crosbys Block at 225–229 Main Street. In 1852 it was followed by the Benedict and Nichols Building at 191–193 Main. Its cofounder David Nichols had already built the boroughs first grocery 1838, and later served as a state legislator and state treasurer. Large steam-powered hat factories were built, bringing new workers to Danbury. In addition to internal migrants from the rural towns in the area, they were English, Irish and German immigrants. The combined town and borough population nearly doubled between 1850 and 1860, even though Bethel became a separate town during that time. In 1851 the Irish immigrants bought the Universalist Church on the common for their growing St. Peter&#39;s church</p><br>
<p>As a result, Main Street became more commercial. The hatters were skilled workers who could afford to buy or even build their own homes rather than live in crowded tenements, and found the side streets to the west ideal for this purpose. To the east of Main commercial development continued, with the hat factories concentrated in the north, near the river. Wooster Square, the intersection of Main, Elm and White, became a focal point of northern downtown due to the train stations presence. Lumberyards and frame stores opened along White. In 1856 Isaac Ives, Charless uncle, opened the street that bears the family name.</p><br>
<p>After the Civil War, another new bank, Union Savings, was founded by hatmakers and merchants. In the 1870s more new public buildings were erected. In 1873, the current jail building replaced the one built in 1828, by then inadequate, and a High Victorian Gothic library was donated to the borough five years later by Alexander White, one of the leading hat industry executives. That same year, the new Danbury News building went up at 288 Main Street, home to editor James Montgomery Bailey, whose humorous pieces as "The Danbury News Man" brought him national renown. A Soldier&#39;s Monument commemorating the local war dead was built at Main and West in 1880. Three years later the city built a new firehouse on Ives Street, and a new City Hall at Main and West where the library now stands.</p><br>
<p>The Main and West intersection, now called City Hall Square, became the new center of the district, finally displacing the old Congregational church site to the south. The private sector responded with architectural statements of their own. New commercial blocks began to reach three and four stories, and in 1887 the Union Savings Bank moved into its current building at 226–228 Main Street. Commercial development pushed eastward, leading Isaac Ives to open Keeler Street for development that same year.</p><br>
<p>The 1880s culminated with the borough of Danbury becoming a city, and the merger of the three railroads that had served the city (the Housatonic and New York and New England, in addition to the Danbury and Norwalk) becoming part of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, referred to locally as the Consolidated due to this absorption. These changes had a profound effect on the community. Main Street was paved with granite blocks between Elmwood Park and White Street. Flagstone sidewalks, sewers, electric arc lights and a horse railway were installed.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the 1890s Danburys 35 hat factories led the nation in production, employing 5,000 directly and indirectly. A neon sign with a derby hat on a crown and the legend "Danbury Crowns Them All" greeted arrivals at the new train station (now the Danbury Railway Museum) just east of downtown. The city overcame opposition from Bridgeport and persuaded the county legislature to appropriate funds for the current courthouse. Downtown also became an educational center for the region, as Danbury High School was housed on the third floor of the Union Savings Bank building, joining St. Peters School at 98 Main Street, the first parochial school in Danbury when it was built in 1885.</p><br>
<p>As the 20th century began the city was at its industrial peak. Newly designated USA highways 6, 7 and 202 followed Main, West and White streets through downtown, bringing in automobile traffic. Main Street became a local retailing center, with Woolworths, McCrory and Sears opening department stores in the new centurys early decades, drawing customers from the smaller nearby towns in Connecticut and the adjacent towns across the New York state line in Dutchess and Putnam counties. Car traffic also led to the establishment of dealerships on Main Street, primarily in the areas south of Elmwood Park. The demolition of older buildings to make way for them shaped the future historic district.</p><br>
<h3>1946–1995: Decline</h3><br>
<p>Danbury&#39;s fortunes changed after World War II. Americans, particularly men, began wearing hats less frequently, forcing cutbacks or closings at the hat factories. In 1955, the flooding of the Still that followed hurricanes Connie, Diane and Ione badly damaged many businesses, particularly in the Wooster Square and White Street areas. In their wake some of the first preservation efforts began. The Dodd Shop was saved from demolition by a move to its current location in 1958, and the Blackman House at 59 Main Street was converted into office space.</p><br>
<p>The next year, 1959, the city and town of Danbury were merged as the state eliminated most county government functions. Downtown merchants who had been affected by the flood reacted by moving to newer and larger space on routes 6,7, 37 and 202 outside of the city center. The empty, damaged space they left behind on the north and northwest of downtown was addressed by urban renewal programs of the late 1960s and early 1970s, which demolished whole blocks, partly to accommodate the rechanneling of the Still for flood control.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s the completion of Interstate 84 dealt Main Street another setback. All three of Danbury&#39;s USA highways were rerouted onto the expressway as well and away from downtown. In combination with the expressway bypasses built for US 7 both north and south of the city, this made the outlying properties businesses had been moving to more accessible and competitive with downtown locations. Remaining business owners responded by renovating and restoring their own properties, and the scope of preservation efforts began to expand from the old houses on the south end.</p><br>
<p>The Danbury Preservation Trust, which had been formed in the late 1950s, received a state grant in 1979 to survey and inventory the historic buildings on Main and the nearby side streets. Eventually the effort looked at 300 buildings before settling on the area that would become todays historic district. It was designated and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, after an intensive survey of the area by the Danbury Preservation Trust as part of an effort by the Connecticut Historical Commission to catalog the states historic resources for inclusion on the Register. The city has special zoning regulations to maintain its historic character.</p><br>
<p>During the 1980s downtown faced its greatest challenge. In 1981, after the last Danbury Fair was held, Wilmorite Properties of Rochester, New York, bought the fairground and began developing it into a shopping mall. When it opened in 1986, its location near the junction of I-84 and the southern US 7 freeway made it attractive and convenient for shoppers in the region. Main Streets merchants formed a special taxing district, CityCenter Danbury, downtown. For a while both they and the mall remained prosperous, although they knew Main Street would never be the center of local retailing again. But when the economy fell into recession in the early 1990s, they feared shoppers would return to the mall and not Main Street. The 1991 closure of Steinbachs, the last department store on Main Street, seemed to affirm this fear.</p><br>
<p>With state grants, the city built a parking garage on some of the land marked for redevelopment after the flood, in order to free up other scattered parking space. It was the start of a planned complex that would include a movie theater, retail space and condominiums, all meant to attract middle class residents to the city. The city also hired a consultant to look at plans to cluster similar retailers so downtown could match the mall in offering that to shoppers as well.</p><br>
<h3>1996–present: Revitalization</h3><br>
<p>By the middle of the decade these efforts had succeeded, helped in part by Danburys transformation from industrial town to distant exurb of New York City, with corporations such as Cartus and Duracell building major facilities in the area and new housing going up in the areas on the citys periphery as commuters sought less expensive housing still within commuting distance of Manhattan. In 1996 Danbury&#39;s industrial space was 93% occupied, and office space vacancy rates were under 15%. Ives Street was reinvented as a Dining and Entertainment District, with the vacant buildings converted into restaurants and nightclubs. "We feel that the downtown is coming back strong", said one local bank president. The community rallied after arson severely damaged the library in 1996. Voters passed a bond issue to fund improvements and expansions to city hall and rebuild the library. The Danbury Ice Arena, later home to several minor league ice hockey teams, most recently the Danbury Whalers, was also built near Main Street in 1999. It offered a visitor attraction to complement the former train station which had become the Danbury Railway Museum.</p><br>
<p>As they had in the mid-19th century, immigrants helped revitalize downtown in the early 21st century. This time they were from Latin America, primarily Ecuador and Brazil, working as day labor at construction sites all over Fairfield County. Not all of them were in the USA legally, and this created tensions between their community and Mayor Mark Boughton, who unsuccessfully asked Governor Jodi Rell to have city police deputized as Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS) agents so they could legally enforce federal immigration laws. The immigrant community was in turn angered by police efforts to close down their volleyball games and sting operations that turned some of them over to the BCIS. In 2005 they staged a mile-long march down Main Street in protest.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Some of the districts properties are architecturally or historically noteworthy in themselves. One, the John Rider House, was listed on the National Register prior to the districts creation. Another, the former jailhouse, was determined eligible for listing.</p><br>
<p>American Legion Hall, 32–52 Elm Street. The open expanses of brick wall surface with round-arched windows on this 1927 building typify the work of local architect Philip Sunderland.</p><br>
<p>Benedict & Nichols Building, 191-193 Main Street. When built in 1852 this transitional Greek Revival-Italianate commercial structure was the first three-story block in Danbury.</p><br>
<p>Chiarella Block, 272 Main Street. This 1914–15 mixed-use structure is one of the earliest in the district to show signs of the Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<p>Commercial Building at 131 Main Street. Built in 1931, it is the youngest contributing property in the district. Its modernist design has some Art Deco elements.</p><br>
<p>Commercial Building at 141 Main Street. The dedication plaque of this 1907 late Italianate building is inscribed in both English and Arabic.</p><br>
<p>Commercial Building at 279–283 Main Street. First built as a Greek Revival commercial structure in 1853, later sales to different owners led to portions of the facade being redone in Tudor and modernist styles.</p><br>
<p>Crofut Block, 253–255 Main Street. This brick 1876 building with wooden pedimented window hoods, corner quoins and pressed tin ceiling in the store interior at 255 is an excellent example of the high commercial application of the Italianate style.</p><br>
<p>Danbury News Building, 288 Main Street. This 1873 building had a distinctive Queen Anne tower added in 1893.</p><br>
<p>Old Danbury Library, 254 Main Street. Donated to the city in 1878 by fur-processing executive Alexander Moss White, its brick facade with polychromatic sandstone trim and slate-shingled gable roof make it the only High Victorian Gothic building extant in the Danbury area.</p><br>
<p>John Dodd Shop, 43 Main Street, rear. Moved from its original site to preserve it, this small 1790 frame building is the oldest commercial building in the district.</p><br>
<p>Elmwood Park, in center of Main Street between South and Wooster streets. Originally donated to town as a common, it was the last home of the Congregationalist church that was the focal point of the early village of Danbury. Later used for growing hay and turned into a public park.</p><br>
<p>Fairfield County Courthouse, 71 Main Street. An 1899 Beaux Arts structure designed by Warren Briggs that now serves as juvenile court.</p><br>
<p>Hornig Block, 10–16 Elm Street. This 1882 Italianate commercial building is the only one in the district with pressed-metal siding.</p><br>
<p>Houses at 101–103 and 105–107 Main Street. Two double houses, Greek Revival and Federal in style respectively, that reflect Danbury&#39;s early industrial growth in the 1830s.</p><br>
<p>Humane Hose Co. No. 1 Firehouse, 6 Boughton Street. The only property on Boughton is a 1911 stucco Italianate firehouse still in public use as a police garage.</p><br>
<p>Old Fairfield County Jail, 80 Main Street. An 1872 Second Empire building used for its original purpose until 1969. Today it has been converted mostly to senior housing, with part of the ground floor set aside as a small museum. It was determined eligible for the National Register in 1980 but has not been formally listed.</p><br>
<p>Old Fire Station, 5-7 Ives Street. When this slate-roofed brick building went up in 1883 it was one of Danbury&#39;s first major public buildings. After being taken out of service in 1969, it has been converted into apartments.</p><br>
<p>Old Post Office, 258 Main Street. Built in 1876, this Italianate brick building has corbeled window hoods. Its original cornice is missing.</p><br>
<p>Old Saddle Factory, 68 Main Street. An 1836 wood frame building later used as housing and today as office space.</p><br>
<p>Old Southern New England Telephone Company Building, 31 West Street. This 1908 brick building has some Dutch Colonial Revival touches, most significantly its prominent stepped-gabled roof.</p><br>
<p>John Rider House, 43 Main Street. This 1785 wooden house is the oldest property in the district. It is currently home to the Danbury Historical Society and Museum, and the only property in the district individually listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Seifert Armory, 5–15 Library Place. This five-story 1891 brick building with brownstone lintels and iron cornice has been remodeled into apartments.</p><br>
<p>St. James Episcopal Church, 25 West Street. A granite Gothic Revival church completed in 1872, making it the oldest extant church building in the district. The parish hall and rectory were added in 1929.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s Catholic Church, 119 Main Street. The 175 ft spire of this 1870s building dominates the Danbury skyline. It was the first Catholic church established in northern Fairfield County, later the centerpiece of a small complex of associated buildings.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s Convent, 88 Main Street. An 1895 Renaissance Revival three-story brick building with copper hipped roof.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s Rectory, 104 Main Street. A three-story 1891 Richardsonian Romanesque brick building with two projecting octagonal towers.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s School, 98 Main Street. An 1895 Italianate flat-roofed brick building with bell tower. A rear extension was added in 1909.</p><br>
<p>Sears Building, 129 Main Street. Built by the retailer in 1929, it was one of the first modernist buildings in the district.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Settle Building, 248 Main Street. Warren Briggs designed this Richardsonian Romanesque 1887 commercial structure of rusticated brownstone for the Danbury National Bank. Its original roof and gables were removed after a 1973 fire.</p><br>
<p>Soldiers&#39; Monument, Main and West streets. This granite statue of a Union Army soldier atop a 12 ft column with the names of Civil War battles engraved in it was erected in 1878 to memorialize local war dead.</p><br>
<p>Union Savings Bank, 226–228 Main Street. A Louis Sullivan-inspired building in brick with terra cotta that was considered one of the city&#39;s most distinctive upon its 1887 completion.</p><br>
<p>USA Post Office, 265 Main Street. Oscar Wenderoth designed this two-story brick Georgian Revival building with a limestone marble and stained oak interior.</p><br>
<p>Wooster Cemetery, Wooster Street behind old jail building. Danbury&#39;s oldest cemetery, with some graves dating to ca. 1700.</p><br>
<p>Sibutu Passage is a deep channel some 18 miles  wide that separates Borneo from the Sulu Archipelago. It has a deep sill allowing entry of deep water into the Sulu basin while connecting the Sulu Sea with the Sulawesi Sea that feeds from the Pacific Ocean by the Mindanao Current.</p><br>
<p>Although H. Otley Beyer argued in favor of a settlement of the Philippines across land bridges during the last ice age, modern bathymetric soundings have shown that the centers of the Sibutu Passage and the Mindoro Strait are both deep enough that they probably still existed at that time, although the Sulu and other Philippine Islands beyond were one connected island. If verified, therefore, the Callao Man would have needed to have crossed open sea to reach the islands.</p><br>
<p>Nguruman Escarpment is an escarpment in southern Kenya. The escarpment is around 50 kilometres long and elongated in N-W direction. Its northern edge approximately 120 km southwest of Nairobi, while the southern edge is near the Tanzanian border, at the northwestern corner of Lake Natron. The Southern Ewaso Ng&#39;iro river flows southward along the foot of the escarpment, while Loita Hills are located west of the escarpment. The escarpment forms the western wall of the Great Rift Valley. Below it are the vast plains and the volcanic hills of the Great Rift Valley and in the distance are Lake Magadi and Lake Natron.</p><br>
<p>The valley floor is about 900m above sea level, while the levation of the crest of the escarpment is about 2300m.</p><br>
<p>The Shompole Conservancy is located along Nguruman Escarpment.</p><br>
<p>The Sinnott Memorial Observation Station is a sheltered viewpoint built into the caldera cliff 900 feet above Crater Lake in southern Oregon, United States. It is located near the Rim Village Visitor Center in Crater Lake National Park. The structure includes a small natural history museum with exhibits that highlight the geologic history of Mount Mazama and the formation of Crater Lake. The building was officially dedicated as the Nicholas J. Sinnott Memorial Observation Station and Museum; however, it is commonly known as the Sinnott Memorial Overlook or Sinnott Viewing Area. It is architecturally significant because it was the first National Park Service building constructed specifically as a museum and the first structure built in Crater Lake National Park using rustic stone masonry construction. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Sinnott Memorial Building No. 67.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Sinnott Memorial was funded by a $10,000 appropriation from the United States Congress. It was intended to honor Nicholas J. Sinnott who represented eastern Oregon in the United States House of Representatives from 1913 to 1928. As chairman of the House Public Lands Committee, Sinnott had actively supported Crater Lake National Park. He died in 1929 shortly after retiring from Congress. While the Sinnott Memorial was to serve as an observation point, Congress also intended the building to be a museum. In fact, it was the first museum building constructed in a national park at the specific direction of Congress.</p><br>
<p>The structure was designed by landscape architect Merel S. Sager, a pioneer of the rustic style of park architecture. To ensure a spectacular view, Sager chose a site on Victor Rock, 900 feet above the lake. Construction of the observation station began in the fall of 1930. During construction, Sager spent hours in a rowboat on the lake, ensuring the building blended perfectly into the caldera cliff. As a result, the building provides a spectacular view of Crater Lake and surrounding caldera and mountains, but is virtually invisible from the lake below. The building was finished the following summer. It was dedicated on July 16, 1931. Horace M. Albright, the director of the National Park Service, attended the dedication ceremony along with William Gladstone Steel and many other dignitaries. Once it was open, the public quickly made it one of Crater Lake’s most popular viewing areas.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the park&#39;s centennial in 2003, the Sinnott Memorial Building was completely renovated and the museum exhibits updated. The new exhibits cost $425,000, and include easy-to-understand displays with a video program that shows how Mount Mazama was created, how the mountain collapsed, and how the lake formed.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Sinnott Memorial Observation Station is built on Victor Rock, an outcropping on the cliff face of Crater Lake’s caldera wall, approximately 50 feet below the crest. The structure was the first in the park to use log and stone masonry construction. The structure’s rustic style set the architectural standard for future buildings constructed at Crater Lake National Park.</p><br>
<p>To get to the Sinnott building, visitors follow a short, stairstep trail from Rim Village to the entrance. The entrance door opens to a 40 foot by 40 foot observation room. On the north side of the room, an open-air balcony offers visitors a spectacular view to the lake. The balcony is covered by a cantilever log roof. The museum exhibits are located in the center of the observation room and around the walls. The exhibits highlight the geologic history of Mount Mazama and the formation of Crater Lake. There is also a hidden 12 by 14 foot workroom adjacent to the museum space. A door on the east side of the room leads to the exit stairs which is hidden from view by a stone wall.</p><br>
<p>The building is constructed of heavy, native stone and concrete with log beams supporting the roof. The structure’s footprint is somewhat irregular because the building was designed to merge the cliff. The stone walls are load-bearing with rough rock exposed on the outer walls to blend with the surrounding landscape.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, the building’s roof was re-built with asphalt and lead flashing to stop leaking. In 1961, flagstone paving was added to the interior floor and the exterior entry patio area. The entire structure was renovated in 2003. Despite the changes required over the years, the National Park Service has been careful to maintain the rustic look of the building. Because of its architectural and historic significance, the Sinnott Memorial Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Conococheague Mountain is a long and narrow mountain located in the far western corner of Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States. The highest point on the mountain is a summit known as Round Top which rises to an elevation of 2,190 ft and is located at the very southern end of the ridge. The mountain is almost entirely located in the Tuscarora State Forest, and has numerous hiking trails and dirt roads, including Bryner Road, New Germantown Road, and the Iron Horse Trail. The nearest town to the mountain is Blain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was logged around the turn of the 20th century, and continues to be logged to this day. Beech, oak and hemlock are the most common species of tree. There are also several groves of white pine, which were planted for logging purposes. A logging mill was located at nearby Fowlers Hollow State Park, which was turned into a campsite and picnic area in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps.</p><br>
<p>On March 18, 2002, the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources called for volunteers to clean up an illegal dumpsite at the top of the mountain, which had just been named one of the state’s "Dirty Dozen" under the state&#39;s Forest Lands Beautification Program.</p><br>
<p>On April 6, twenty volunteers tackled the Burns Valley Overlook site, removing tires and trash from the mountain with contractors removing trash for proper disposal and recycling. The volunteers and contractors removed seven tons of trash, 1.7 ST of scrap metal for recycling, and 402 tires, restoring the site so that the views can be enjoyed.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>The mountain supports wildlife populations of deer, bear, turkey and grouse. Numerous hunting camps located along the Sherman Creek valley travel up the mountain every year to pursue game, most commonly deer and turkey.</p><br>
<p>The Stevensville Historic District, also known as Historic Stevensville, is a national historic district in downtown Stevensville, Queen Anne&#39;s County, Maryland. It contains roughly 100 historic structures, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is located primarily along East Main Street, a portion of Love Point Road, and a former section of Cockey Lane.</p><br>
<h2>Notable structures</h2><br>
<h3>Cray House</h3><br>
<p>The Cray House, located on Cockey Lane, is the most complete example of post-and-plank construction known to exist. John Denny purchased the lot from J. Stevens in 1809. Denny, a ship carpenter, used a construction method in which walls are formed by tenoning horizontal planks into slots cut into vertical corner posts. After a series of owners, it was sold at auction in 1914 to Nora Cray, a widow who lived there with her three children. Nora Cray&#39;s heirs deeded the property to in 1976, and the house was restored in 2004. It predates the town of Stevensville, and is listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Christ Church (1880)</h3><br>
<p>The 1880 building of the Christ Episcopal Church of Kent Island, located on East Main Street, is the fifth church of the Christ Church parish founded in 1631, the oldest continuous Episcopal congregation in the United States. Previous church buildings were in nearby Broad Creek, one of the first towns established in Maryland. The church is an excellent example of the Queen Anne style of ecclesiastical architecture, and the building is listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places. It is now owned by the county, and as of 2008, houses a Lutheran parish and is in the process of being restored.</p><br>
<h3>Stevensville Bank</h3><br>
<p>The Stevensville Bank was constructed between 1903 and 1907. It opened for business in 1909, and is the predecessor to Bank of Americas Tidewater Branch in Stevensville. The banks original building is located in the historic district on Love Point Road and is listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places. The building has classical architectural details, a pressed tin ceiling, intact period furnishings and vault. Since the bank&#39;s business moved locations in the 1960s, the building has been occupied as business offices and by merchants. is the current lessee of the property.</p><br>
<h3>Old Stevensville Post Office</h3><br>
<p>The old Stevensville post office is located at 408 Love Point Road. The date of construction for this building is not known, but the building does appear on an 1877 map of Stevensville. The post office was visited by Franklin D. Roosevelt during his visit to Stevensville. acquired the property in 1997.</p><br>
<h3>Stevensville Train Depot</h3><br>
<p>Approval was given in 1894 by the Maryland Legislature to Queen Annes Railroad Company to build a railroad connecting Queenstown with Lewes, Delaware. The line was extended 13 miles to Love Point in 1902, and the Stevensville Train Depot was constructed. When Marylands Bay Bridge was constructed in 1952, the railroad line fell into disuse. The deteriorated building was donated to several years later. The structure was restored and moved to its current location on Cockey Lane in 1988.</p><br>
<h3>Cockey House</h3><br>
<p>The Cockey House, built ca. 1870, was originally owned by Charles B. Downes. An 1877 map identifies it as the parsonage for the First Methodist Protestant Church, which rented it until a new parsonage was built next to the church. Miss Mary Cockey, an elementary school teacher, and her father, James Cockey, assistant postmaster in Stevensville, bought the house in the early 1900s. She used it as the local library for many years, had an addition built on the west side, and enlarged the front porch. The house is being restored to its historic splendor by its current owners.</p><br>
<p>Norderoog  is one of the ten German halligen islands of the North Frisian Islands in the Wadden Sea, which is part of the North Sea off the coast of Germany. A part of Hooge municipality, the island belongs to the Nordfriesland district.</p><br>
<p>It is only temporarily inhabited by a bird warden from March to October. The refuge hut at the northeastern end is called Jens Wand Hütte, which is built on stilts to protect it from flooding. A former terp had been washed away. It has been the site of several ecological studies.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island was first recorded in 1597 as Norder Ough. In 1630 there was a permanent estate on Noorderoog that was inhabited by a beach warden. This dwelling was destroyed in the Burchardi flood of 1634. Later, another family settled there but their house was washed away in the February flood of 1825. From then, Norderoog remained uninhabited. It is the only hallig that does not have a terp for dwelling. Since 1909, the island is owned by Verein Jordsand, an association that promotes the creation of bird refuges along the German North Sea coast.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna and flora</h2><br>
<p>Norderoog is a resting and hatching place for a number of rare species of marine birds. Notably the Sandwich tern (Sterna sandvicensis) has a colony. During spring and early summer, up to 5,000 couples will breed there annually. In 2007, 2,800 breeding couples were counted. Floodings of the island in summer are however a negative factor for breeding and may cause significant statistical deviations.</p><br>
<p>Apart from the Sandwich tern, also common tern (Sterna hirundo) and Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) use to breed on Norderoog. For a long time, Norderoog was the Eurasian oystercatcher&#39;s (Haematopus ostralegus) most densely populated breeding colony in the German Bight, but recently the population has dropped. Norderoog is however not only an important breeding resort but it is a resting area for migratory birds. At times, some 50,000 marine birds will occur on Norderoog and Norderoogsand, a shoal off the island.</p><br>
<p>The flora of Norderoog is dominated by salt marsh vegetation like Salicornia and Spartina at the immediate shoreline, and meadows with sea sandwort and sea lavender. The centre of the island has a steppe character with plants such as reed and Leymus arenarius.</p><br>
<p>A colony of Brown rats (R. norvegicus) also live on the island. As the island is mostly devoid of human populations, these rats have been observed stalking and catching sparrows and large birds such as ducks for food.</p><br>
<h3>Index of breeding bird species</h3><br>
<h2>Protection</h2><br>
<p>Norderoog lies inside Protection Zone 1, the highest-level protective area of the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park. It has been an official nature reserve since 1939. However the island has been dedicated to birds ever since 1909 when Verein Jordsand bought it from farmer J. Feddersen for 12,000 German gold mark. Previously, Feddersen had made a living by collecting the birds&#39; eggs and using the island to make hay. Jens Sörensen Wand frequently lived on Norderoog as a bird warden since 1909, and permanently from 1923 to 1950. The bird observatory at the Northeastern shore of Norderoog has been named after him.</p><br>
<p>This stilt house is safe from storm floods due to its construction. The first hut was built by Wand in 1909, but in 1995/96 it was replaced by a new building. In 2005, an additional loghouse replaced a container building and serves now as a dwelling for the warden and as a visitors centre. The installations are maintained by civilian servants of Verein Jordsand and by volunteers. The observatory is regularly manned from March through October. Since the 1950s, coastal management has been conducted on Norderoog. In 1977, the western edge was fortified with rocks to counter constant land losses, and in 2000 a rock groyne was amended.</p><br>
<h2>Documentary</h2><br>
<p>In 2008, Norddeutscher Rundfunk broadcast a television documentary Die Vogelmutter. Videotagebuch 2008 - aufgezeichnet von Anna B.. The film was recorded by a young female volunteer who spent three weeks on Norderoog during a voluntary ecological year.</p><br>
<p>Leland Tower is a twenty-two story tall building on Stolp Island in Aurora, Illinois. Leland Tower was at one point the tallest building in Illinois outside of Chicago. Stolp Island is recognized as a Historical District by the National Register of Historical Places.</p><br>
<p>Leland Tower was built initially as a hotel. The Leland Hotel project was conceived in 1926 and was one of the most ambitious projects in the city&#39;s history. The project was announced by an organization known as the Aurora Building Corporation through Herbert P. Heiss of the First Illinois Company. Mr. Heiss had located and purchased the site for the proposed hotel. The building contract was awarded to the H.G. Chtistman Company, general contractors of South Bend, Indiana and Detroit, Michigan. Anker Sveere Graven and Arthur Guy Mayger were chosen to design the hotel.</p><br>
<p>The Aurora-Leland Hotel had all the modern amenities of the time, including telephones in every room. Topping this skyscraper was the Sky Club, a dinner and dancing club outfitted with elaborate decor and furnishings of the highest quality. The views from the Sky Club as well as its elegance made it a place to see and be seen by local socialites. "Swanks" from Chicago thought the Sky Club a fun place to take their dates. Philip K. Wrigley, fan dancer Sally Rand, and the singing cowboy Gene Autry are some of the famous names seen there. Recordings were made there by such famous blues musicians as John Lee "Sonny Boy" Williamson.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s, the times and the economy caused the hotel once known as "The Aurora-Leland Hotel", the "Illinois Hotel" and the "Leland Hotel" to stop operations. The tower subsequently housed microwave transmitter link of defunct WLXT-TV Channel 60, an Aurora TV station which signed on in 1969. It was on the air afternoons, evenings and weekends. It also served as the transmitter site of 107.9 WAUR-FM.</p><br>
<p>The tower is also known for being a popular spot for committing suicide. Many have taken their own life by jumping off the 22 story tower into the river below. Because of this, many believe the building is haunted. Those who live in the now apartment complex claim they often hear moans in the elevator and smell foul odors throughout the building.</p><br>
<p>Leland Tower is also known locally for its elaborate holiday decorations, including an 8-story tall shooting star and Christmas tree on the roof.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The St. Paul A.M.E. Church is a historic American Gothic Revival style African Methodist Episcopal Church located in Raleigh, North Carolina. A red brick and frame structure built in 1884 by black masons, St. Pauls was the first independent congregation of African Americans in Raleigh and is the oldest African-American church in Wake County, North Carolina. Before the end of the Civil War, the future founders of St. Pauls had been slave members of the Edenton Street United Methodist Church. The members of the church began calling their congregation "St. Paul&#39;s" in 1848. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in November 1987 and is also a Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From 1846 to 1853, Edenton Street’s black membership worshipped at Old Christ Church in Raleigh. After white Methodists bought the building in 1853, the members moved to a different building at the intersection of Edenton and Harrington streets.</p><br>
<p>In 1865 after emancipation, the black congregation left the Edenton Street Church to affiliate with the African Methodist Episcopal Church, a denomination organized in 1816 by Reverend Richard Allen, a free black in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. St. Pauls became the first African Methodist congregation in Raleigh and Wake County. It both attracted existing leaders in the black community and was a training ground for new leaders. After slavery was abolished, St. Pauls ministers became leaders and activists in black politics during the Reconstruction period. As the state capitol, Raleigh became a center of black political activity. In addition, some of North Carolina’s foremost black spokesmen, such as State Senator Henry Eppes, Legislator Stewart Ellison and R. W. H. Leak, a leader in the late 19th century Republican-Populist movement, were members of St. Paul&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>Not only men were active in the church. Women quickly organized or continued their own groups, mobilizing around issues of women and children&#39;s welfare, health and education. The black community strongly supported education of its children, and the church linked it to the moral welfare and future of the community.</p><br>
<p>In 1884 the cornerstone of the new church was laid. Due to financial strains of its members, construction of the new St. Paul&#39;s Church took 25 years to complete. Many Southerners struggled in the essentially rural economy in the quarter century following the American Civil War. Because of earning lower wages in a segregated society, members of the congregation chose to live on bread and molasses to raise enough money to complete the church.</p><br>
<p>In May 1901, the building was completed. The congregation marked the sanctuary’s completion with a joyous two-week revival. Governor Charles B. Aycock delivered a speech when the church finally opened and The News & Observer described St. Paul&#39;s new building as "one of the handsomest colored churches in the South." Although the majority of the church had been built, construction on the spire did not take place for another eight years. In 1909 an accidental fire consumed most of the building, leaving only the brick walls. Donations from the white community as well as black resulted in reconstruction of the church, including addition of the long-planned spire.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil Rights Movement, the black community held meetings and rallies at St. Paul&#39;s, as it continued as a center of community organizing. Members had long been active in working for voter registration in the black community; with its level of educated residents, Raleigh had a higher percentage of black population registered before the later stages of the Civil Rights Movement than did more rural areas. During the 1960s and after success of the Voting Rights Act, the community mobilized to increase voter registration and encourage turnout at elections.</p><br>
<p>A variety of national speakers were guests at the church. For instance, in 1988 Jesse Jackson delivered a "Rainbow Coalition" speech at the church.</p><br>
<p>Hangar No. 1 is an airship hangar located at Naval Air Engineering Station Lakehurst in Manchester Township, in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. It is best known as the intended destination of the rigid airship LZ 129 Hindenburg prior to the Hindenburg disaster on May 6, 1937, when it crashed and burned while landing.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>In 1921 the US Navy established Lakehurst Naval Air Station to serve as its headquarters for lighter-than-air flight. The new base became the center for experimentation and development of rigid airships for strategic and commercial purposes as well as the control station for all Naval lighter-than-air flights. Hangar No. 1 was the first major facility built at Lakehurst to house the huge helium-filled dirigibles.</p><br>
<p>The hangar was completed in 1921 by the Lord Construction Company, with trusses erected by the Bethlehem Steel Company. The hangar is 966 ft long, 350 ft wide and 224 ft high, with a floor area of 211,434 ft&sup2;. The hangar is typical of airship hangar designs of World War I, utilizing counterbalanced doors similar to hangars built in Great Britain. At each end are two pairs of massive steel doors, mounted on railroad tracks. These double doors are structurally separate from the hangar itself. Each counterbalanced door weighs 1,350 tons and is powered by two, 20 horsepower motors, although provisions were made to open the doors manually, which required the assembled manpower of nine men.</p><br>
<p>Service mezzanines are located on each side of the hangar. The hangar also had a system of railroad tracks that led to the mooring areas outside the hangar. The hangar was large enough to house two rigid airships as well as additional non-rigid airships (blimps).</p><br>
<h2>Operations</h2><br>
<p>The hangar was used to construct the USS Shenandoah (ZR-1) from 1922 to 1923. On September 4, 1923, the ship made a brief maiden flight in the vicinity of Lakehurst and was christened on October 10, 1923. In 1924 the US Navy obtained its second rigid airship built in Germany and delivered to the United States as a war reparation payment. The USS Los Angeles (ZR-3) shared Hangar No. 1 with the USS Shenandoah. The hangar also provided service and storage for other airships including the Graf Zeppelin (LZ 127), USS Macon (ZRS-5), USS Akron (ZRS-4) as well as the German LZ 129 Hindenburg during its transatlantic flights.</p><br>
<p>Today the hangar holds a mock aircraft carrier flight deck, used as a training facility for aircraft carrier flight deck personnel.</p><br>
<p>The East Coast Indoor Modelers club, a chartered club within the auspices of the United States&#39; official aeromodeling organization, the Academy of Model Aeronautics, has been allowed to use the hangar since 1926 to fly indoor free flight model aircraft, these self-powered aircraft models benefit from the large wind-free open space of the hangar.</p><br>
<p>Since 1994, Ocean County Vocational Technical School has operated its Career & Technical Institute in the hangar, the institute offers adult tech programs in aviation and electronic technologies.</p><br>
<p>In addition to Hangar No. 1 there are five other hangars at Lakehurst, which today are used for training, testing and storage.</p><br>
<p>The Burlington County Prison operated from 1811 through 1965 in Mount Holly Township, Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. It was designed with prisoner rehabilitation in mind. The motto over the door, "Justice Which, While it Punishes, Would Endeavor to Reform the Offender", was chosen by architect Robert Mills. The Burlington County Prison operated from 1811 through 1965. When it closed in 1965, it was the oldest operating prison in the United States.</p><br>
<p>It is reportedly haunted by a tall male in a uniform in the basement, and the third floor is claimed to have a flurry of paranormal activity.</p><br>
<p>It is currently a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Prison Museum Association (PMA) is a non-profit organization that supports the Burlington County Prison Museum through fundraising, volunteering, giving tours, and promoting this National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>White Rock, 2,550 ft, is the name of the high point on a 7 mi ridgeline in the Taconic Mountains. The ridge is located in the tri-state corner of New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont in the towns of Petersburgh, Williamstown, and Pownal. The ridge has several distinct knobs; those with names are, from south to north: White Rocks, 2,365 ft; Smith Hill, 2,330 ft; White Rock, the high point 2,550 ft; and Bald Mountain 2,485 ft. The Snow Hole, located along the ridgeline between Bald Mountain and the White Rock, is a crevasse in which snow can be found well into the summer.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The summit and west side of the ridge are located in New York, the east side in Vermont, and the southeast 2 mi in Massachusetts. The summit ridge is part meadow and part wooded with red spruce, balsam fir, and northern hardwood tree species. It is notable for its views of the Hoosic River valley and Hudson River Valley. The 35 mi Taconic Crest Trail traverses the mountain. Portions of the ridge are within protected conservation land, but much of it is privately owned.</p><br>
<p>The Taconic Mountains continue north from White Rock ridge across the Hoosic River valley as Mount Anthony and south over Petersburgh Pass as Mount Raimer. The White Rock ridge is flanked to the east across the Hoosic River Valley by the western escarpment of the Green Mountains. The west side of the ridge drains into the Little Hoosic River, thence into the Hoosic River, the Hudson River, and Long Island Sound. The east side drains into the Hoosic River. Petersburg Pass, located on New York Route 2/ Massachusetts Route 2, cuts over the gap between the southernmost knob of the ridge, White Rocks, and Mount Raimer, at an elevation of 1,650 ft.</p><br>
<p>Young Glacier  is a glacier which flows from Mount Gozur and Ichera Peak in Maglenik Heights eastwards for 8 miles  and terminates at the north end of Barnes Ridge on the east side of Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. It was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey  from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1957-59. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names  for First Lieutenant Dale L. Young of the United States Air Force , who participated in establishing the South Pole Station in the 1956&ndash;57 season.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vinson-Map.jpg Vinson Massif. Scale 1:250 000 topographic map. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey, 1988.</p><br>
<p>Bomere Pool is a large mere lying between the villages of Bayston Hill and Condover in the county of Shropshire, England, 4.7 miles  south of the county town of Shrewsbury. The pool is classified as a Site of Special Scientific Interest as the most oligotrophic  body of water on the Shropshire - Cheshire plain.</p><br>
<p>Once open to the public, Bomere Pool and the surrounding woodlands are now privately owned and operate a centre of towed water sports throughout the year. A public right of way runs close to the Northern Shore for much of its length. There is a small resident population housed in a number of flats.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>Vast tracts of Shropshire were covered with ice sheets during the last Ice Age about 18,000 years ago. When the ice sheets retreated large ice blocks were left isolated, often surrounded and covered by the moraine, gravels and clays left behind by the glaciers. When this glacial ice eventually melted sediments collapsed into holes or depressions referred to as Kettle Holes. These holes had no means of drainage and would either turn into steep sided lakes, usually referred to as Meres in Shropshire or, if the lake completely filled with clay and peat, became a moss bog. Bomere Pool is a particularly fine example of a kettle hole mere.</p><br>
<h3>Use by man</h3><br>
<p>Bomere Pool has been utilised by man for thousands of years. There is the archaeological mounded remains of a suspected Iron Age settlement at the south east corner of the mere. Two thousand years ago there was a substantial Roman army camp and an associated civilian settlement on the pool side. Shropshire&#39;s oldest ghost of a Roman soldier seeking his lover who was lost in a sudden flood has been sighted on Easter Day, in the years when Easter falls on the same day as it did the year he died.</p><br>
<h3>Literary connections</h3><br>
<p>The 1920s romantic novelist Mary Webb located the action of her most famous novel Precious Bane around Bomere Pool, which she called Sarn Mere in the book. Webb wrote the book while living in Spring Cottage on Lyth Hill near Bayston Hill and at her London home.</p><br>
<p>Bomere Pool also featured in several of the medieval detective novels about Brother Cadfael by novelist Ellis Peters.</p><br>
<h3>Recent history</h3><br>
<p>Between the 1960s and 1980s the pool was a popular destination for local residents who visited on hot summer days with their young children to splash about in the water and eat meals nearby from a small cafe and ice cream stall. A free squash court built by a local farmer and a public house were also open to the public.</p><br>
<p>In 1986 a woman out for a walk discovered the bones of a woolly mammoth and three juvenile mammoths in an associated nearby moss and gravel bog sink hole.</p><br>
<h2>Bomere Pool today</h2><br>
<p>In 1989 the property changed hands and the lake, beach and facilities were closed to the general public and made available exclusively for residents, members and guests of the private Wakeboard & Water Skiing Club that use the pool for regular water sports. Public access is restricted to the right of way close to the Northern shore. There are 25 acre of pool nestled in a secluded traditional forest of a further 125 acre, woodland that once formed part of Bayston Hill and Condover Royal hunting forest. The closed public house has now been converted into multiple occupancy, individual private flats.</p><br>
<p>Zélée Glacier  is a glacier about 3 nmi wide and 6 nmi long, flowing north-northwest from the continental ice along the west side of Lacroix Nunatak and terminating in a prominent tongue at the west side of Port Martin. Probably first sighted in 1840 by the French expedition under Captain Jules Dumont d&#39;Urville, although no glaciers were noted on d&#39;Urville&#39;s chart of this coast. Photographed from the air by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946-47. Charted by the French Antarctic Expedition under Liotard, 1949–51, and named for the Zélée, corvette which accompanied d&#39;Urville&#39;s flagship, the Astrolabe.</p><br>
<p>Associated with it is the Zélée Glacier Tongue (), a glacier tongue about 2 nmi wide and 7 nmi long which extends seaward from Zélée Glacier. Delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named for the French corvette Zélée.</p><br>
<p>Pine Mountain Settlement School is located on Pine Mountain in Harlan County, Kentucky. The settlement school focuses on Appalachian and environmental education.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Founding</h3><br>
<p>"A National Historic Landmark, Pine Mountain Settlement School was founded in 1913 as a school for children in the commonwealths remote southeastern mountains and a social center for surrounding communities. The school was the dream of a local man, William Creech Sr., who was troubled by the areas lack of educational opportunities, and the prevalence of social problems and rampant disease. He donated land for the school and recruited two women, Katherine Pettit of Lexington, Kentucky, and Ethel DeLong, New Jersey native, to establish and run the new institution. These two women enlisted the help of architect Mary Rockwell Hook of Kansas City to draw up plans for the campus and its buildings."</p><br>
<h3>Uses</h3><br>
<p>Pine Mountain Settlement School grew out of the settlement movement, which established institutions such as Hull House. The school has served many purposes in since its founding nearly a century ago.</p><br>
<p>From 1913 to 1930, Pine Mountain served as a boarding school for children of elementary and middle school age.</p><br>
<p>In 1930, Pine Mountain became a boarding high school, encouraging vocational and artistic development as well as academics.</p><br>
<p>In 1937, a pack horse library was headquartered at Pine Mountain.</p><br>
<p>In 1949, Pine Mountain and the county educational system began to jointly operate an elementary school.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s, Pine Mountain began to focus its efforts on environmental education.</p><br>
<p>In addition to operating as an educational institution, Pine Mountain Settlement School has served its community in other ways. For example, during Pine Mountain&#39;s time as a high school, it sponsored Work Experience Training, which gave men job training and helped them find employment. Pine Mountain has also operated as a farm, health clinic, and a supporter of local music and crafts. Today, in addition to cultural and environmental education, Pine Mountain Settlement School offers assistance to local low-performing students.</p><br>
<h3>Relationship with Alpha Sigma Tau</h3><br>
<p>Alpha Sigma Tau Sorority adopted Pine Mountain Settlement School as its national philanthropy in 1945.</p><br>
<p>Members of alumnae and collegiate chapters and colonies of Alpha Sigma Tau raise money annually for Pine Mountain Settlement School. The Sorority supports Pine Mountain Settlement School through the Alpha Sigma Tau National Foundation, Inc.</p><br>
<p>Millford Plantation  is a historic place located on SC 261 west of Pinewood, South Carolina. It was sometimes called Manning&#39;s Folly, because of its remote location in the High Hills of Santee section of the state and its elaborate details.</p><br>
<p>Designated as a National Historic Landmark, it is regarded as one of the finest examples of Greek Revival residential architecture in the United States. It has been restored and preserved along with many of its original Duncan Phyfe furnishings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Millford Plantation&#39;s monumental two-story Greek Revival mansion was built in Clarendon (now Sumter) county between 1839 and 1841 for John L. Manning and his wife, Susan Frances Hampton Manning. The builder, Nathaniel F. Potter of Providence, Rhode Island, may have also done the design work. Manning later served as Governor of South Carolina from 1852 to 1854.</p><br>
<p>Its imposing facade features six large carved Corinthian columns on granite bases that support the portico. Its 2 ft walls are of brick made on the premises; the granite was shipped from Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The excellence of Millford’s architecture extends throughout the house, from the tall floor-to-ceiling windows to a spectacular circular staircase rising, seemingly without support, in a domed cylindrical chamber on the rear side of the building.</p><br>
<p>Susan Frances Hampton was the daughter of General Wade Hampton I and his wife, Mary Cantey; she was half-sister of Colonel Wade Hampton II. Although by law he inherited from their father after his death in 1835, Wade III shared the estate with Susan and another sister. Much of the money to build the Millford mansion (it cost $125,000, an enormous sum in 1840) probably came from Susan Hampton Manning’s recent inheritance.</p><br>
<p>Susan Hampton Manning died in 1845 giving birth to her third child with John L. Manning. In 1848 Manning married Sally Bland Clarke and had four children with her.</p><br>
<p>Near the end of the Civil War, the residence was threatened with destruction by Union troops on April 19, 1865, but was saved by the intervention of their commander, Brigadier General Edward E. Potter of New York. His exchange with Governor Manning was recorded as follows:</p><br>
<p>When General Potter spared Millford, he did not know that Manning had a copy of the Articles of Secession in his desk. The story of Millford&#39;s survival might have ended quite differently had he known.</p><br>
<p>Despite economic ruin during and after the Civil War, the Manning family and their descendants managed to retain possession of Millford until 1902. That year they sold it to Mary Clark Thompson of New York. She bequeathed it to her two nephews upon her death in 1923. It remained in the Clarks&#39; hands until 1992, used by the family primarily as a winter retreat and for hunting and fishing.</p><br>
<p>On November 19, 1971, Millford Plantation, also called the Governor John L. Manning House, was added to the National Register of Historic Places and on November 7, 1973, it was declared a National Historic Landmark, due to its historic and artistic importance.</p><br>
<p>The plantation is one of three National Historic Landmarks located on SC 261, the Kings Highway, in the High Hills of Santee. The other two are Borough House Plantation and the Church of the Holy Cross, both in Stateburg.</p><br>
<p>The house, along with 400 acres of surrounding land, was acquired in May 1992 from three of the Clark descendants and was meticulously restored by Richard Hampton Jenrette. He is one of the founders of the New York investment banking firm, Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, and a collateral descendant of Susan Hampton Manning. He referred to the estate as "the Taj Mahal of my dreams".</p><br>
<p>In 1995, Jenrette received a South Carolina Historic Preservation Award for Millford. In 2006 he received the Governor&#39;s Award for his work on Millford and the Robert William Roper House in Charleston, another National Historic Landmark which he owns and restored.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was donated in December 2008 to the Classical American Homes Preservation Trust, a foundation established by Jenrette to: "Preserve, protect and open to the public examples of classical American residential architecture, fine and decorative arts of the first half of the 19th century."</p><br>
<p>In 2012 the "Friends of Millford" was formed as a group of supporters who appreciate the site and are interested in preserving its legacy for future generations.</p><br>
<h2>Duncan Phyfe furnishings</h2><br>
<p>John and Susan Manning furnished Millford in the then fashionable Grecian style, including a considerable quantity of furniture made by Duncan Phyfe (one of Americas most celebrated cabinetmakers). Much of the furnishings are still in the house. The furniture belongs to the last phase of Duncan Phyfes career. This period was least studied before the 2011-2012 retrospective exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.</p><br>
<p>In 1840, John Laurence Manning made a trip to New York City where he likely visited Phyfe. Between 1840 and 1844, the Mannings placed four separate orders with D. Phyfe & Son (the name of Phyfe&#39;s company between 1840 and 1847) for a total of 72 objects. More than 50 of these remain at the house today.</p><br>
<p>This period in Phyfe&#39;s work is characterized by the use of plainer bands of highly polished wood, with little carving, the use of volutes, deep cavetto cornices, simple square columns, Marlboro feet, and console supports (C-scrolls) that were known in the Phyfe shop simply as “Grecian scrolls”. The latter, lifted directly from the design vocabulary of French Restoration furniture of the 1820s, were ubiquitous in Phyfe’s Grecian plain-style furniture.</p><br>
<p>Every room of the mansion was filled with D. Phyfe & Son furniture, as is documented by an 1841 letter and bill of lading from the firm. In most rooms the furniture was in a Grecian plain style. For the double parlor, the Phyfes created something new, blending the Grecian with Gothic and French Restoration-style overtones. This is unusual because the Phyfes did not engage generally with the emerging historical revival styles (Baroque, Gothic, Rococo, etc.) that began in the 1830s.</p><br>
<p>In the entrance hall, most of the furniture is made of walnut, an economical and durable wood. In the double parlors, however, it is mainly of rosewood, an expensive and exotic wood from South America. The use of luxury woods indicates that the double parlors were a space for formal entertaining, a place for the Mannings to display their taste and wealth.</p><br>
<p>In the dining room, the elliptical table, matching the shape of the room, is made of mahogany; it has four animal–paw feet and six leaves. The other pieces commissioned included, among others, 14 armchairs in the French Restoration style. It was uncommon to have armchairs at a dining table—usually there were armchairs only at the head and foot of the table, the others being side chairs.</p><br>
<p>When Richard Jenrette bought the property in 1992, less than half of the original furnishings remained in the mansion. Through research, documentation, and consultations with scholars, carried out over many years, he found and purchased much of the original furniture and returned it to its place. Other pieces were given by the descendants of the two families who had owned the plantation. This laborious process continues and more pieces are expected to be returned in the future.</p><br>
<p>Millford and its furnishings are remarkable in that the entire house was decorated with furniture commissioned from a single cabinetmaker (something uncommon those days). It was one of the largest orders ever from D. Phyfe. Most pieces are preserved within the same building they were intended to complement and grace, making it unusual in the US.</p><br>
<p>The Reynolds Building is a 314 ft Art Deco skyscraper at 51 E. 4th Street in Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, North Carolina with 313,996 ft&sup2; of space. It was completed in 1929 and has 21 floors. In April 2016, its first six floors opened as the Kimpton Cardinal Hotel, with apartments located on the 11 floors above.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>When completed as the headquarters of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, it was the tallest building in the United States south of Baltimore, Maryland, and it won a national architecture award. The building is well known for being a design inspiration for the much larger Empire State Building that was built in 1931 in New York City. Every year the staff of the Empire State Building sends a Father&#39;s Day card to the staff at the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem to pay homage to its role as predecessor to the Empire State Building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed, just as the Empire State Building, for the purpose of corporate offices with retail outlets on the first floor. Shreve & Lamb, the architects, were asked for "an effect of conservatism along with attractiveness, but to avoid flashiness." But regarding the result, a 1997 Winston-Salem Journal article said, "city residents could be forgiven for wondering whether the architects followed the directive" because "Gray-brown marble from Missouri, black marble from Belgium and buff-colored marble from France covered the walls and floor. The ceiling was festooned with gold leaves, and the grillwork, elevator doors and door frames were bright, gleaming brass." The stock market crash of 1929 hurt the Reynolds Building&#39;s leasing business temporarily, but it was more successful than other similar buildings at leasing offices. Its promotional brochure said that the 14th, 15th, and fourth floors were reserved for doctors and dentists, but this might not have been the case. Most of the offices were occupied by organizations related to the tobacco industry, such as railroads, insurance companies, and attorneys.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>On November 23, 2009 the Winston-Salem Journal reported that Reynolds American, Inc. put the building up for sale after cutting jobs and moving many offices into the Plaza Building next door. Forsyth County tax records show the Reynolds Building&#39;s value as $12.3 million. The building offers 240,000 ft&sup2; of office space, much of that Class B.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, Quaintance-Weaver Restaurants and Hotels, which owned the Proximity and O. Henry hotels in nearby Greensboro, considered plans to turn the building into a luxury hotel for business travelers, but ultimately chose not to proceed.</p><br>
<p>In March 2013, Reynolds American selected CBRE to market the building, which the company intended to sell for $15 million. Philadelphia-based PMC Property Group, which renovates historic buildings, and San Francisco-based Kimpton Hotels & Restaurants Group bought the Reynolds Building for $7.8 million. Plans call for "a boutique hotel, restaurant and upscale apartments."</p><br>
<p>In August 2014, the Reynolds Building was named to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>On November 5, 2015, Kimpton said its Kimpton Cardinal Hotel would have 174 rooms on the building&#39;s first six floors, along with 36 suites, a fitness center, a restaurant and bar, and 6400 square feet of meeting space. PMC planned to spend $60 million on the building. On December 15, Kimpton said the restaurant on the ground floor, would be named Katharine Brasserie & Bar after the wife of R.J. Reynolds, and that it would be separate from the hotel.</p><br>
<p>The 7th through 19th floors (there is no 13th floor because of superstition dating to the building&#39;s construction) opened in March as The Residences @ the R.J. Reynolds Building, with 20 apartments on the first four of those floors and six on the remaining floors. 65 percent will be 700 square feet with one bedroom and the rest will be 830 to 1000 square feet with two bedrooms. The 19th floor apartments are tied with those in the Nissen Building for highest residential space. Different elevators will serve the hotel and the apartments. The 20th floor mezzanine will have meeting space and the top two floors will house mechanical equipment.</p><br>
<p>The Kimptons grand opening took place on April 27, 2016, the buildings 87th birthday. The restaurant opened on May 2.</p><br>
<p>For the neighborhood in Chicago, see Little Village, Chicago</p><br>
<p>La Villita Historic Arts Village is an art community in downtown San Antonio, Texas, United States. There are art galleries, stores selling souvenirs, gifts, custom jewelry, pottery, and imported Mexican folk art, as well as several restaurants in the district. La Villita connects to the San Antonio River Walk and its outdoor venue, the Arneson River Theatre. It is close to the Alamo, the Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center, Rivercenter Mall, and HemisFair Park. It is within walking distance of most downtown hotels.</p><br>
<p>Located on the south bank of the San Antonio River, La Villita was one of San Antonios first neighborhoods. In 1939, as ground broke on the San Antonio River Walk development, city officials led by Mayor Maury Maverick acted to preserve this part of San Antonios history. It was a Native American settlement and then a collection of primitive brush huts, called jacales, for the Spanish soldiers (and their Indian wives and children) stationed nearby at the Mission San Antonio de Valero (an active mission from about 1718 to 1793, now better known as the Alamo). After a flood in 1819 washed away most of the huts, more substantial adobe houses replaced them.</p><br>
<p>Late in the 19th century, European immigrants from Germany, France, and Italy moved into the area and soon became active in business and trades: retailers, bankers, educators, and craftsmen. The variety of architectural styles seen in La Villita&#39;s buildings reflects the cultural mix, from the one-room homes of the poor to the larger houses of the prosperous.</p><br>
<p>La Villita deteriorated into a slum in the early part of the 20th century. During the Great Depression, work began on the River Walk, a make-work project funded by the Works Progress Administration which came close to La Villita. The project, led by Mayor Maury Maverick, sponsored a companion effort in 1939 by the National Youth Administration to restore and preserve this colorful part of San Antonio&#39;s history. The NYA offered classes in arts and crafts as part of its program.</p><br>
<p>Today La Villita is an arts community, and is included in the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas. The galleries and shops found in one city block offer art by local and regional artists featuring oil paintings, sculptures, watercolors, metal art, rock art, textiles, copperwares, pottery, jewelry, stained glass, and regional folk art.</p><br>
<p>During four nights of the Fiesta San Antonio each April, La Villita is host to a Night in Old San Antonio with dozens of booths grouped to offer fifteen areas for various kinds of food, such as Sauerkraut Bend, China Town, Irish Flat, and the Mexican Market. The outdoor festival, with its narrow streets decorated with paper flowers and papel picado (cut paper banners), typically attracts 85,000 celebrants, many wearing costumes and unusual hats. The event is a major fundraiser for the San Antonio Conservation Society.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Twenty-seven houses or buildings are listed as notable in the district. Some of these are also notable individual listings.</p><br>
<p>The Naval Lodge Elks Building, also known as Naval Lodge No. 353 BPOE Temple is a historic building located at 131 East First Street, Port Angeles, Washington. It was first envisioned on September 28, 1896 when the city leaders of Port Angeles, Washington met with members of the Navy to found Naval Lodge No. 353 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. The lodge also received special approval from the national Grand Lodge of Elks to become the only Elks Lodge in the country whose name was not based on its location. The lodge was built in 1927 following designs by architect J. Charles Stanley. When dedicated in 1928, the building was the largest fraternal lodge in the city. It is still used today as an Elks Lodge.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Skillountia , the ancient Scillus , is a small village and a community in the municipal unit of Skillounta, Elis, Greece. In 2001 its population was 20 for the village and 341 for the community, including Nea Skillountia. Skillountia is located in the hills south of the river Alfeios. It is 2 km southwest of Frixa, 3 km northeast of Gryllos, 6 km east of Krestena and 7 km southeast of Olympia.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Skillountia is named after the ancient Triphylian city Scillus. The city featured the Temple of Skillountian Athena. Strabo mentioned that it was founded next to the Alpheus in the area of Fellona (Φελλώνα). Inside the city was the Temple of the Ephesian Artemis which was constructed by Xenophon.</p><br>
<p>Having been granted land here by the Lacedaemonians, who controlled the area following the Peloponnesian war, Xenophon lived for many years in the city and resided later there following his adventures in Asia, for which he was exiled by the Athenians on account of the help which he brought to Cyrus the Younger, an enemy of Athens, which was allied to the King of Persia, Artaxerxes II.</p><br>
<p>The ancient city has been found in the locality of Profitis Ilias, near Makrisia. The ruins of the Temple of Athena and several buildings have been excavated.</p><br>
<p>The Clallam County Courthouse is located at 319 Lincoln Street in Port Angeles, Washington. It was built in 1914–15, and officially dedicated on June 14, 1915. A 1979 expansion, connected to the historic courthouse by an enclosed bridge, now houses many of the official functions, including courts, public records, and a jail. The historic courthouse now houses the Clallam County Museum and the county Parks, Fair and Facilities Department.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 and was added as a contributing properties to the Port Angeles Civic Historic District in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Clallam County Courthouse is three stories tall, with a basement and tower, built in the Classical Revival style. It was designed by architect Francis Grant, and built by the Sound Construction Company. The atrium is faced with marble and scagliola plaster; double curved stairs at each end lead up to the second floor. The county jail was originally located in the courthouse basement.</p><br>
<p>One hundred and twenty-six solar panels are mounted on the roof. The panels, originally installed in 1979, were replaced in 2011, and generate approximately one-fifth of the power consumed by the facility.</p><br>
<h2>Tower</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse features a combination bell tower/clock tower that rises to 82 ft above ground level. The massive clock system (the four faces are each 8 ft in diameter) was not originally intended for Clallam County. It was manufactured in 1880 and shipped all the way around Cape Horn to Seattle. However, no buyer claimed it, and the clock was warehoused at the Seattle docks for 29 years. Discovered in storage by architect Francis Grant, it was purchased by the county for $5,115. When installed, it was connected to a 4 ft tall, one-ton iron bell.</p><br>
<p>The tower and clock were renovated in winter 2010–2011 as part of $1.025 million courthouse restoration project. The Clallam County Courthouse&#39;s clock/bell tower is featured on the seal of Clallam County.</p><br>
<p>Craftsman Farms was founded in 1908 in Parsippany-Troy Hills, Morris County, New Jersey, United States, by noted early 20th century designer Gustav Stickley as a farm and school for the Arts and Crafts movement. It remained in use until 1915 when it was sold to a family and became a private house.</p><br>
<p>When threatened by development in 1989, the home was purchased by the Township of Parsippany-Troy Hills through eminent domain. The property is operated as a museum, also known as the Stickley Museum at Craftsman Farms, and is operated by the Craftsman Farms Foundation.</p><br>
<h2>History of the House</h2><br>
<p>Craftsman Farms is a log house built in 1911, and the site, which consists of 26 acre of the original 650 acre tract, has been designated a National Historic Landmark. Craftsman Farms is also an Official Project of Save Americas Treasures, a public-private partnership between the White House Millennium Council and the National Trust for Historic Preservation, dedicated to the preservation of our nations irreplaceable historic and cultural treasures for future generations.</p><br>
<p>Around 1905 Stickley moved his headquarters from Syracuse to New York City. In 1908 he began acquiring the property on what is now the western edge of Parsippany-Troy Hills, an area formerly part of Morris Plains, where he envisioned establishing a farm school for boys. The focal point of his "Garden of Eden" was a large, log house constructed of hewn chestnut logs found on-site and local stone also found on-site.</p><br>
<p>Stickley originally designed the main house at Craftsman Farms as a "club house", a gathering place for workers, students and guests. In its huge kitchen, meals could be prepared for 100 people. The living and dining rooms, reaching fully 50 ft and warmed by copper-hooded fireplaces, made ideal meeting rooms. The porch opened to a vista of the farm and brought in light and air. The house is T-shaped, with a one-story kitchen attached to the rear. The large gabled roof has long shed dormers at the front and back, which allow for light and ventilation in the bedrooms.</p><br>
<p>A separate home for the Stickley family was originally planned to be built further up the hill. When Stickley decided that the school&#39;s opening would have to be delayed for several years, he modified the upstairs plans to accommodate his family, consisting of his wife, Eda, five daughters and a son.</p><br>
<p>Stickley designed Craftsman Farms to be self-sufficient, with gardens for vegetables and flowers, orchards, dairy cows and chickens; the produce grown on the farm was used in the restaurant operated by Stickley as part of his furniture showroom and department store in Manhattan. Stickley commuted to his New York showroom by train from Morris Plains.</p><br>
<p>The property contains numerous support buildings including craft workshops, stables, a dairy barn, chicken coop, other farm buildings, and three cottage dwellings.</p><br>
<p>Stickley and his family lived at Craftsman Farms until 1915, when he filed for bankruptcy after several years of financial difficulties. By then the taste of the American people that 15 years earlier had embraced the clean, strong lines of Craftsman furniture changed, this time towards the revival of early American and other styles.</p><br>
<p>In 1917, Major George and Sylvia Wurlitzer Farny purchased the property in the bankruptcy sale and their descendants lived on or owned the property until 1989. After Stickley left Craftsman Farms, the Farny family maintained the farm in Stickley&#39;s tradition, adapting certain interior features for modern family life. When the property was threatened with development for 52 town houses, the Township of Parsippany-Troy Hills, with the encouragement of community groups and others interested in the importance of the site, obtained the property through eminent domain.</p><br>
<p>Hangar One is one of the world&#39;s largest freestanding structures, covering 8 acre at the Moffett Field airship hangars site at Moffett Field, California , in Santa Clara County of the southern San Francisco Bay Area, California.</p><br>
<p>The massive hangar has long been one of the most recognizable landmarks of California&#39;s Silicon Valley. An early example of mid-century modern architecture, it was built in the 1930s as a naval airship hangar for the USS Macon.</p><br>
<h2>Design and construction</h2><br>
<p>Designed by German air ship and structural engineer Dr. Karl Arnstein, Vice President and Director of Engineering for the Goodyear Zeppelin Corporation of Akron, Ohio, in collaboration with Wilbur Watson Associates Architects and Engineers of Cleveland, Ohio, Hangar One is constructed on a network of steel girders sheathed with galvanized steel. It rests firmly upon a reinforced pad anchored to concrete pilings. The floor covers 8 acres and can accommodate six (6) (360 feet x 160 feet) American football fields. The airship hangar measures 1,133 ft long and 308 ft wide. The building has an aerodynamic architecture. Its walls curve inward to form an elongated approximate catenary form 198 feet (60 m) high. The clam-shell doors were designed to reduce turbulence when the Macon moved in and out on windy days. The "orange peel" doors, weighing 200 short tons (180 metric tons) each, are moved by their own 150 hp motors operated via an electrical control panel.</p><br>
<p>The hangars interior is so large that fog sometimes forms near the ceiling. A person who is unaccustomed to the buildings extension is susceptible to optical disorientation. Looking across its deck, planes and tractors appear like toys. Looking up, a network of catwalks for access to all parts of the structure can be seen. One elevators meet near the top, allowing maintenance personnel to get to the top quickly and easily.</p><br>
<p>Standard gauge tracks run through the length of the hangar. During the period of lighter-than-air dirigibles and non-rigid aircraft, the rails extended across the apron and into the fields at each end of the hangar. This tramway facilitated the transportation of an airship on the mooring mast to the hangar interior or to the flight position. During the brief period that the Macon was based at Moffett, Hangar One accommodated not only the giant airship but several smaller non-rigid lighter-than-air craft simultaneously.</p><br>
<h3>Similar structures</h3><br>
<p>Hangar One is similar to the Goodyear Airdock in Akron, Ohio which was built by the Goodyear Zeppelin Corporation in 1929. At the time this was built, it was the largest building in the world without interior supports, providing an unusually extensive room for the construction of "lighter-than-air" ships (later known as airships, dirigibles, or blimps). The first two airships to be constructed and launched at the Airdock were USS Akron and its sister ship, USS Macon, built in 1931 and 1933, respectively. These two airships were 785 feet (239 m) in length.</p><br>
<p>Other historic references date back to Europe. An outstanding example are the two "hangars d&#39;Orly" for dirigibles at Orly Air Base near Paris. They were designed and built in 1921–1922 by French structural and civil engineer Eugène Freyssinet, the major pioneer of prestressed concrete, and destroyed in World War II.</p><br>
<p>Another remarkable example of a similar concrete construction are the two airplane hangars for the Italian Air Force in Orvieto, Italy, by Italian architect and structural engineer Pier Luigi Nervi, designed in 1935 and built in 1938. They were also destroyed during World War II.</p><br>
<h2>1931 - 1932 Construction</h2><br>
<h2>1965 - 2008 Historic Honors</h2><br>
<h3>1965</h3><br>
<p>December 8,</p><br>
<p>Hangar One is nominated as a US Navy Historic Site.</p><br>
<h3>1966</h3><br>
<p>Jan 3,</p><br>
<p>Hangar One is designated as a Naval Historical Monument by the Navy Chief of Naval Operations.</p><br>
<p>Hangar One is listed in the Santa Clara County Heritage Resource Inventory.</p><br>
<p>Patrol Squadron 31 Detachment Alfa begins using Hangar One.</p><br>
<h3>1977</h3><br>
<p>October,</p><br>
<p>Hangar One is designated as Historic American Engineering Record CA-335, State of California Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks by the San Francisco section, American Society of Civil Engineers.</p><br>
<h3>1994</h3><br>
<p>Feb 24,</p><br>
<p>The Shenandoah Plaza National Historic District, is accepted into the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Criterion A, association with coastal defense and naval technology that has made a significant contribution to the broad pattern of our history</p><br>
<p>Criterion C, distinctive type, period, method of construction and high artistic values found in the 1933 Hangar.</p><br>
<p>Hangar One is specifically significant for its contribution to expanding coastal defense capabilities of the USA Navy and airship technology during the country&#39;s peacetime era between 1932 and 1941. Hangar One has been determined singly eligible for an individual National Historic Building listing in the National Register of Historic Places if so desired.</p><br>
<p>The Department of Interior and National Park Service attribute the same significance to National Historic Sites and the buildings therein, and to National Historic Buildings. The difference in the designation is simply that a site is a collection of items of historic significance vs. a single building.</p><br>
<p>The entire historic district is listed in the National Register of Historic Places at the national level of significance under Criterion A for the association with coastal defense and naval technology that has made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; and Criterion C reflecting the distinctive type, period, method of construction and high artistic values that are represented in the 1933 station plan and buildings.</p><br>
<h3>1996</h3><br>
<p>Patrol Squadron 31 is disestablished due to closure of naval Air Station Moffett Field.</p><br>
<h3>2008</h3><br>
<p>May 20,</p><br>
<p>Hangar One was listed as one of the 11 most endangered historic places in the U.S by the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h2>2003 - 2012 Hazardous substances</h2><br>
<p>There has been an ongoing debate over the future of Hangar One. As the 21st century began, maintenance shops, inspection laboratories and offices along its length helped to keep the hangar busy, and plans to convert it to a space and science center were proposed.</p><br>
<h3>2003</h3><br>
<p>Plans to convert it to a space and science center were put on hold with the discovery in 2003 that the structure was leaking toxic chemicals into the sediment in wetlands bordering San Francisco Bay. The chemicals originated in the lead paint and toxic materials, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), used to coat the hangar. Proposed options included tearing down the hangar and reusing the land, or cleaning the toxic waste from the site and refurbishing the hangar for future preservation.</p><br>
<h3>2006</h3><br>
<p>An offer to clean the hangar and coat its outsides with solar panels to recoup the costs of cleaning was proposed by a private company, but the plan never saw fruition due to its cost.</p><br>
<h3>2008</h3><br>
<p>August,</p><br>
<p>The US Navy evaluated options for remediating the PCBs, lead and asbestos; the Navy proposed simply stripping the toxic coating from the hangar and leaving the skeleton after spraying it with a preservative. The Navy claimed that to reclad the structure would cost another $15 million and that this is NASA&#39;s responsibility. This was regarded as a partial victory by campaigners.</p><br>
<p>September,</p><br>
<p>NASA indicated that it was still urging the Navy to restore the hangar, but that it is willing to help save the structure; in particular, NASA is in favor of re-covering the structure at the same time as it is stripped.</p><br>
<h3>2010</h3><br>
<p>December,</p><br>
<p>The US Navy is remediating the PCBs, lead and asbestos, and NASA is evaluating options for reuse of the hangar. Some historic and nonprofit groups would like the hangar preserved as a historic landmark, as the hangar is a major Bay Area landmark and historic site.</p><br>
<h3>2011</h3><br>
<p>April,</p><br>
<p>After months of planning and preparation, work to remove the exterior panels began, requiring "the biggest scaffolding job in the history of the West Coast." The work was completed in mid-2012.</p><br>
<h2>2012 - 2016 Restoration</h2><br>
<h3>2011</h3><br>
<p>October,</p><br>
<p>Google top executives Larry Page, Sergey Brin and Eric Schmidt proposed paying the full $33 million cost of revamping Hangar One, in exchange for being able to use up to two-thirds of the floor space to shelter eight of their private jets.</p><br>
<h3>2012</h3><br>
<p>September,</p><br>
<p>it was reported that proposals to restore the hangar had been rejected by NASA administration, and that the government would instead direct its efforts toward leasing (or selling) the Moffett facility.</p><br>
<h3>2014</h3><br>
<p>NASA & GSA select Planetary Ventures (a subsidiary of Google) to manage Hangar One and Moffett airfield, and Google pays $1.16 billion over 60 years for the lease.</p><br>
<h3>2016</h3><br>
<p>In May, Google announced that it is prepared to begin testing different techniques to remove the toxic chemicals from the hangar.</p><br>
<h3>2017</h3><br>
<p>In May, it was announced that the restoration of the hangar would be completed in 2025.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<h3>2011</h3><br>
<p>In popular culture, Hangar One can be seen in various episodes of the Discovery Channel TV show MythBusters. For instance, the show used one of the smaller hangars to disprove the myth that it is not possible to fold a sheet of paper in half more than seven times. The sheet of paper covered nearly the full width of the airship hangar. Other episodes of Mythbusters have utilized the hangar to test myths such as "Inflating a football with helium allows longer kick distances" and "Airworthy aircraft can be constructed of concrete.".</p><br>
<h3>2016</h3><br>
<p>A fictional version of Hangar One appears in the video game Watch Dogs 2, where it serves as the headquarters of Galilei, an in-game parody of SpaceX.</p><br>
<p>Lake Toxaway is the largest privately held lake in North Carolina. The lake, developed by the Lake Toxaway Company, is man-made and covers 640 acre 60 ft, and the shoreline is 14 mi. Water sources for the lake include multiple free flowing mountain streams with the Toxaway River being the main source. The lake flows out onto Toxaway Falls and then continues down the Toxaway River. The main road through the Lake Toxaway area is USA Highway 64, a typical winding mountain road with tight turns. Lake Toxaway history encompasses two distinct time periods. The first era which began in 1890 ended with the collapse of the earthen dam in 1916. In 1960 the second era began when the Lake Toxaway Company purchased the land and rebuilt the lake.</p><br>
<h2>First Era</h2><br>
<p>In 1890, E.H. Jennings came to Transylvania County, North Carolina from Pennsylvania and established several businesses, one of which was the Toxaway Company. Lake Toxaway was filled originally in 1902 by E. H. Jennings, who visited what is now Lake Toxaway in the 1890s and saw that the area held great potential. The area became known as the "Switzerland of America" and encompassed several fabulous resorts created by Jennings such as the Fairfield Inn, The Sapphire Inn, the Lodge, the Franklin Hotel and the Toxaway Inn. The resorts could not have been developed if Southern Railway had not built a rail system from Asheville, which, incidentally, was the steepest railroad system in the United States. The arrival of the railroad coincided with the creation of the Lake and the opening of the Toxaway Inn in 1903. The Lake and the Inn were magnificent achievements for their time. Lake Toxaway was the first artificial lake built in the Appalachian Mountains, the earthen dam was 500 ft long, 60 ft high and 20 ft wide at the top.</p><br>
<p>The Toxaway Inn accommodated 500 guest paying $17.50 and more per week. It rose five stories above the lake, more than 40 species of wood were cut from the property and used for the woodwork. Within the inn were many modern conveniences: central heat, electrical engineering, private indoor plumbing, long-distance telephones, and elevators. French chefs prepared the finest cuisine. Guests were served in a dining room adorned with imported crystal and dinnerware, sterling silver and fine linens. Amenities included a ballroom with a large orchestra for dancing, a billiard parlor, bowling alley, bar, gazebo for outdoor concerts, boating, swimming, fishing, golf, tennis, horseback riding and hunting. The lavish style of the Inn attracted the rich and famous from its opening in 1903. Frequent guests included Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone, the Vanderbilt family, John D. Rockefeller, James Buchanan Duke, R. J. Reynolds and Thomas Edison.</p><br>
<p>On August 13, 1916 after severe flooding, which deluged the Toxaway River with 24 inches of rain in 24 hours, the dam, which had not been engineered with a water level control, gave way under the stress and sent more than 5 e9USgal of water crashing over the falls into South Carolina. The only casualty of this disaster was the death of a mule. Toxaway Falls still shows the trauma of the dam burst, its granite rock is exposed for a great distance down the falls.</p><br>
<p>The Toxaway Inn itself survived the flood, but the loss of the Lake was its demise. The Inn stood empty for over 33 years and was demolished in 1947.</p><br>
<h2>The Modern Era</h2><br>
<p>A group of investors headed by R.D. Heinitsh, Sr., bought the 9,000 acre tract that once surrounded the original start of the 20th century resort. This group of investors started the Lake Toxaway Company and began the project of restoring the 640-area lake. Heinitsh cleared the entire area where the lake had once existed. He then rebuilt the dam and restored the lake to its original level of 3,010 ft above sea level. This started the modern era of development. In 1963 Heinitsh built a golf course and the Lake Toxaway Country Club was formed. The Lake Toxaway Country Club includes a Kris Spence 18 hole, par 71 golf course and it was completed in 2008. The course plays up to 6,418 yards, has Bentgrass greens and fairways with Bluegrass roughs. A Tom Fazio Learning Center is also located on the property and is part of the Lake Toxaway Country Club. The Tom Fazio Learning Center which opened in 2003 is a 20 acre facility. The Lake Toxaway Country Club also includes five Har-Tru fast dry tennis courts and several championship bentgrass croquet courts.</p><br>
<p>Today, Lake Toxaway is still the largest private lake in North Carolina and is surrounded by Hawk Mountain, Panthertail Mountain, Cold Mountain, and Mt. Toxaway along with several wilderness areas totaling over 10,000 acre. Popular recreational activities include fishing, swimming, boating, skiing and sailing.</p><br>
<h2>The Greystone Inn</h2><br>
<p>Around 1910, the Armstrong family from Savannah stayed at the Toxaway Inn and decided to build a summer home in Lake Toxaway. In 1913, Lucy Camp Armstrong, assisted by eleven servants, pitched a tent with a hardwood floor on the knoll of a short, oak dotted peninsula jutting into Lake Toxaway. Her husband George F. Armstrong had proposed that she camp out on the location she had selected for a summer home to be sure she like it.</p><br>
<p>Mrs. Armstrong&#39;s six level residence completed in 1915 replicated the architectural details of a Swiss mountain cottage; casement windows, flower boxes, balconies embellished with small triangular cutouts. Stepped brackets supported the balconies and gable roof and the foundation and surrounding walkways were of native stone.</p><br>
<p>Although the Toxaway Inn never reopened following the dam burst of 1916, the Armstrongs did not desert their retreat. George Armstrong died in an automobile accident in the 1920s but Lucy Armstrong continued to summer in the mountains. Between 1915 and 1932, a generous kitchen, freestanding library, stables, and a swimming pool were added, converting the home into a year-round residence.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1930s, local business man Carl Molz, a frequent visitor to the Armstrong home, called on Mrs. Armstrong and asked her to marry him. The couple were married seven months later. The couple lived at their mountain home until 1963, when Carl Moltz died. Mrs. Moltz, having lived in her Swiss style home for 47 years, then sold the residence to R.D Heinitsh Sr., and moved to a smaller home she owned on Lake Toxaway where she lived until she died in 1971, at the age of ninety.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, Tim and Boo Boo Lovelace purchased the property and formed a business partnership with the Lake Toxaway Company to form the Greystone Inn. Following an extensive renovation, the mansion and the Lakeside Cottage were listed on the National register of Historic Places, and the inn opened its doors on July 15, 1985. The Lovelaces eventually sold their portion of the business to the Lake Toxaway Company.</p><br>
<p>The Greystone Inn was the first country inn to receive AAA&#39;s Four-Diamond Award - the first year it opened and every year since.</p><br>
<p>The Greystone Inn was closed in 2014/2015 by new ownership.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents of Lake Toxaway</h2><br>
<p>Bernard Marcus, co-founder of The Home Depot</p><br>
<p>Bolch family, owners of RaceTrac</p><br>
<p>Douglas Ivester, former Chairman and CEO of The Coca-Cola Company</p><br>
<p>Tom Fazio, golf course architect</p><br>
<p>Glen P. Robinson, founder of Scientific Atlanta</p><br>
<p>Cliff Williams, member of AC/DC</p><br>
<p>Ivan Allen Jr., businessman and politician</p><br>
<p>Edward H. Inman, son of Hugh T. Inman and owner of Swan House (Atlanta)</p><br>
<p>Lake Haruna is a caldera lake. It lies near the summit of Mount Haruna, within the city limits of Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. A former name for the lake is Lake Ikaho.</p><br>
<p>In the summer, the lake is a popular destination for campers. The surface freezes in the winter, and it affords skating and ice fishing for wakasagi.</p><br>
<p>The lake lies a 90-minute bus ride from Takasaki Station. It can be reached in 40 minutes by car from Shibukawa-Ikaho Interchange, #12 on the Kan-Etsu Expressway.</p><br>
<p>A kayōkyoku refers to the lake in its title. Akira Fuse recorded the tune, named Haruna-ko no shōjo. The music is by Rei Nakanishi and the lyrics by Ken&#39;ichirō Morioka.</p><br>
<p>Parts of the anime and manga Initial D take place on or around the lake, under the fictional name Lake Akina, as Mount Haruna - named Akina (秋名) in the series - is the location of the tōge where Takumi, the protagonist, wins his first races.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>This article incorporates material from the article 榛名湖 (Harunako) in the Japanese Wikipedia, retrieved on March 21, 2008.</p><br>
<p>The State Bank of North Carolina is the oldest surviving commercial building in Raleigh, North Carolina and was the first state-sponsored banking institution constructed in North Carolina. The bank was incorporated in 1810, but during the War of 1812 cash was moved inland to banks in Raleigh and Tarboro for fears that the British Army would attack the coast. The increase in money deposits resulted in the State Bank&#39;s construction in 1813. Jacob Johnson, the father of future President Andrew Johnson, was once employed at the bank. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and is a Raleigh Historic Landmark. It is located in the Capitol Area Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The design of the State Bank is influenced by the Federal and Greek Revival styles of architecture. The brick building features matching two-story porticos on the east and west sides, supported by columns. For sixty years the building was used for banking until the Christ Episcopal Church acquired the facility in 1873 to use as a rectory. In 1968 the North Carolina National Bank, a predecessor of Bank of America, purchased the building and moved it 100 ft (30 m) for use as the bank’s downtown branch. The building was moved to make room for an addition to the Christ Churchs parish facility. In 1976 the building was home to the State Commission in charge of North Carolinas bicentennial celebration. Currently, the building is still being used as a bank. The State Employees Credit Union are the current owners.</p><br>
<p>Estey Hall is a historic building on the campus of Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina. It was the first building constructed for the higher education of African-American women in the United States. Built in 1873, Estey Hall is the oldest surviving building at Shaw, which is the oldest historically black college in the South and was the first institution of higher learning established for freedmen after the Civil War. The building, originally known as "Estey Seminary," was named in honor of Jacob Estey, the largest donor to the construction project. Estey Hall, located in the East Raleigh-South Park Historic District, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 and is a Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Martin Tupper, a Union Army chaplain and Baptist missionary, founded the school in 1865 for the education of former slaves. Students and faculty originally met in a hotel room due to the lack of funding for land and buildings. In 1870, the school received a donation from philanthropist Elijah J. Shaw, and with the money the school was able to purchase land near Fayetteville Street. The school was chartered in 1875 by the North Carolina General Assembly and given the official title of Shaw University. By educating young people, the school assisted in the rise of the black middle class that arose in late 19th century Raleigh. Shaw University educated many of the region&#39;s black politicians and business leaders, such as M.T. Pope.</p><br>
<p>When Shaw first opened, women were not allowed to attend the school. After a few years the school became coeducational, creating a need for a women&#39;s facility. School administrators chose G. S. H. Appleget, architect of large homes in Raleigh including the Heck-Andrews House, to design the new building. The result was a four-story brick building with a cross-gable roof topped off with a frame cupola. In 1882, the three-story south annex was added. Estey Hall contained the home economics, music, art, and religion classes.</p><br>
<p>Shaw students attended classes at Estey Hall until 1970. Deterioration had taken a toll on the building, forcing its closure after 97 years of service. Plans were made to tear down the building. The Estey Hall Foundation was then founded to halt demolition and restore the building to its original appearance.</p><br>
<p>The Seguine Mansion,  also known as The Seguine-Burke Mansion, is located on Lemon Creek near the southern shore of Staten Island. The Greek Revival house is one of the few surviving examples of 19th Century life on Staten Island. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a member of the Historic House Trust.</p><br>
<p>James Seguine is believed to have purchased property near Lemon Creek between 1780 and 1786, and his grandson Joseph H. Seguine built the house on the property in 1838. At the time, he added a hay barn, carriage house and stables. Joseph was a prominent businessman in the area, founding several companies including the Staten Island Railroad company. He died in 1856. In 1868, the family was forced to sell the house and land. In 1916, descendants were able to repurchase the house and it remained in the family until 1981.</p><br>
<p>In 1981 the house was in serious need of repair, and was sold to George Burke, who had previously restored other historic buildings in the community. Burke not only saved the building but also ensured that the property would not be subdivided. The renovation of the outside of the house took more than five years and sixty gallons of paint. Burke filled the house with his elaborate collection of art and furnishings, many acquired during his years in England after World War II, while he was in the Air Force. After restoring the house and establishing an equestrian center at the site, Burke donated the Seguine Mansion to the City of New York in 1989, and retains a life interest in the site.</p><br>
<p>The New York City Parks Department owns the house. Tours are scheduled by Friends of the Seguine Mansion, by appointment only. The Friends of Seguine Mansion is a not-for-profit (501C3) formed for the purpose to own, operate, manage, and do everything normally associated with conducting the business of fund-raising for the care and maintenance of the Seguine Mansion residence and grounds, together with the power to solicit grants and contributions for the corporate purposes.</p><br>
<p>The Ledava is the largest river of Goričko, northeastern Slovenia, and the largest tributary of the Mur River in Slovenia. The river is 76 km in length. It originates in Austria as the Lendva Bach and first flows southeast. It enters Slovenia near Kugla Hill, the highest peak of Prekmurje , and flows south as the Ledava. In this part of its course it forms the only gorge in Goričko. In the village of Ropoča it flows into the Ledava Reservoir, which distinguishes itself by a variety of bird species, a variety of dragonflies, and the best preserved otter population in Slovenia. The Ledava is the only outflow from the lake. In its lower course the river flows through Murska Sobota and Lendava. It has several  tributaries in this part, the largest of them being the Big Krka and the longest Kobilje Creek. Finally, it joins the Mur.</p><br>
<p>The Idrijca is a river flowing through the Idrija Hills and Cerkno Hills. It is 60 km long. It rises near Vojsko, flows towards northeast and after passing through Idrija turns to the northwest. After passing through Spodnja Idrija and Cerkno it joins the Soča in Most na Soči. It has the pluvio-nival regime and belongs to the Adriatic Sea Basin.</p><br>
<p>The river basin has an area of 598 km&sup2;. The major tributaries are the Belca, Zala, Cerknica, and Bača from the right and the Nikomlja, Kanošica, and Trebušica from the left. One of the right tributaries is also the Jezernica River, which originates from the Wild Lake (Divje jezero). Being only 55 m long, the Jezernica is the shortest river in Slovenia.</p><br>
<p>The river has many fish, among which the Salmo marmoratus, the Rainbow Trout, and the Grayling are noteworthy. In the past, timber was driven down the Idrijca to Idrija to be used as pillars in the Idrija mercury mine. Special logging sluices (Sln. klavže) were employed for this purpose from the 17th until the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The area of the upper Idrijca has been proclaimed the Upper Idrijca Landscape Park. It encompasses numerous karst features and diverse plant species. During World War II, Pavla Partisan Hospital stood there.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>*Senčni potok</p><br>
<p>*Nikova</p><br>
<p>*Kanomljica</p><br>
<p>*Otuška</p><br>
<p>*Sevnica</p><br>
<p>*Trebuščica</p><br>
<p>*Hotenja</p><br>
<p>*Črni potok</p><br>
<p>*Belca</p><br>
<p>*Zala</p><br>
<p>*Ljubevščica</p><br>
<p>*Zaspana grapa</p><br>
<p>*Skavnica</p><br>
<p>*Peklenska graba</p><br>
<p>*Grda grapa</p><br>
<p>*Luknjica</p><br>
<p>*Zaganjalčnica</p><br>
<p>*Cerknica</p><br>
<p>*Jesenica</p><br>
<p>*Bukovška grapa</p><br>
<p>*Žibernik</p><br>
<p>*Doberšček</p><br>
<p>*Bača</p><br>
<p>St. Stanislaus Seminary is a former Society of Jesus  seminary in Florissant, Missouri. It was the longest continuously operated Jesuit novitiate in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Working life</h3><br>
<p>The seminary was founded in 1823 as some log buildings and a large farm to feed the missionaries. They had come to Florissant from Maryland at the behest of Saint Philippine Duchesne. It was named for Stanislaus Kostka. The main building, now known as the Old Rock Building, was built in 1840 from limestone quarried by the Jesuits. Pierre-Jean De Smet was based in St. Stanislaus Seminary for some years. Another early student was Peter Joseph Arnoudt.</p><br>
<p>The seminary was closed in 1971 due to fewer religious vocations and the post-Vatican II movement to urban areas. Two years earlier, it had already transferred its collegiate program to Saint Louis University. Most of what was left of the property, 35 acre, was sold to The Missouri District of The United Pentecostal Church International, and the property now houses Urshan College (formerly Gateway College of Evangelism) and Urshan Graduate School of Theology. The Old Rock Building and 4 acre of land remained Jesuit property until 2003.</p><br>
<h3>Museum</h3><br>
<p>In 1973, the seminary became the Museum of the Western Jesuit Missions, but closed again in 2001, the museum moving to Saint Louis University to become part of the Museum of Art there.</p><br>
<h2>The property</h2><br>
<p>The property was largely self-sufficient in its day. The current building was built by the seminarians and brothers with limestone from the banks of the Missouri River, and it has walls 3 ft thick. The wooden parts came from walnut, logged from the property by the Jesuits, and the bricks were also made on site. The seminary fed itself with an orchard, a chicken ranch, a cattle barn, wheat fields, vineyards, a butcher shop, a creamery, and a bakery. The former farm property is now owned by Saint Louis County, which leases it to the Missouri Department of Conservation as a conservation area.</p><br>
<p>The Mirna is a river in southeastern Slovenia. The river, in which the marathon swimmer Martin Strel first learned to swim, is a right tributary of the Sava River in the province of Lower Carniola. It is 44 km long, starts below the settlement of Velika Preska, flows through the Mirna Valley and joins the Sava at Dolenji Boštanj, opposite Sevnica. The largest settlement on the river is Mirna. The river is traversed by the Sevnica–Trebnje Railway. The river was mentioned for the first time in 1028 in relation to a 1016 document by Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The name Mirna is derived through dissimilation from the verb *nyrati &#39;to arise from the ground&#39;. This is attested by medieval transcriptions of the name containing the letter n (e.g., inter fluenta Nirine in 1016).</p><br>
<p>The upper part of the river is sometimes named Mirnščica or Mirenščica. The expert on Slovene language Ivan Gregorčič and the geographer Maja Topole have characterised the latter form as incorrect.</p><br>
<p>The Lahinja is a river in White Carniola, the extreme southeastern part of Slovenia. It is 34 km long and originates from several karst springs at the end of a steephead valley between the villages of Knežina, Belčji Vrh, and Mali Nerajec.</p><br>
<p>In its upper course the river flows towards the north in a narrow bed with a very shallow gradient, resulting in the fact that it meanders significantly. All of its major affluents join it from the west and all of them start from karst springs. At Dragatuš it is joined by its major tributary Podturnščica Creek, and at Črnomelj by Dobličica Creek. From the outflow of Podturnščica Creek the bed of the Lahinja is narrow and up to 20 m deep, with numerous bends. At the vicinity of one of them stands Gradac Castle. From Črnomelj to Gradac the river has no surface affluents, but below Gradac it is joined by the high-volume and faster-flowing Krupa. After its confluence with the Krupa, the Lahinja turns towards the east. It joins the Kolpa at Primostek.</p><br>
<p>The Lahinja&#39;s river basin is asymmetric because it receives the majority of its surface affluents from the right side. It is a part of the Sava Basin. The Lahinja Regional Park extends from Knežina to Pusti Gradec, along the first seven km (4.5 mi) of the Lahinja.</p><br>
<p>The Dragonja  is a 30 km long river in the northern part of the Istrian peninsula. It is a meandering river with a very branched basin and a small quantity of water. It has the pluvial regime and often dries up in summer. It features very diverse living environments and is home to a number of animal and plant species. The Dragonja has been a matter of a territorial dispute between Croatia and Slovenia, with its lowest portion de facto the border of the two countries.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river is the third longest river in Istria, after the Raša and Mirna rivers. It is the largest river of the Slovenian coast that flows into the Adriatic Sea. It is also the only Slovenian river that does not flow through settlements and that flows in its entirety over the flysch terrain.</p><br>
<p>The Dragonja originates in several sources in Šavrini Hills and flows west to the Gulf of Piran, part of the northern Adriatic Sea. It gets two larger tributaries from the right side (the Rokava and the Drnica Creeks) and one larger from the left side (the Poganja Creek).</p><br>
<p>The Sečovlje Salina Landscape Park with the Sečovlje Saltworks is located at its mouth. The lowest part of the Dragonja in the Municipality of Piran has been protected since 1990 as a natural monument.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The Dragonja River was first attested in written sources as Argao (ablative Argaone), and in later sources as Argaone (in 670), per Argaonem (in 1035), Dragugne (in 1100), and super flumine Dragone (in 1389). The modern Slovene and Italian names (with initial D-) are derived from Slavic *Dorgon’a, from Romance d- (2arg’- shining.</p><br>
<p>Non-linguistic accounts explain the name as based on the meandering course of the river, resembling a dragon (drago).</p><br>
<h2>Territorial dispute</h2><br>
<p>In the lower reaches of the Dragonja, there is a territorial dispute between Slovenia and Croatia: while Croatian authorities claim that the Dragonja is a border river, Slovenia claims a strip of territory south to the river as well., the last 7 km of Dragonjas course is de facto border of Croatia and Slovenia. The disputed territory contains four hamlets and Croatias Plovanija border crossing. Dragonja River became a district border river after World War II, when the Yugoslav-administered Zone B of the Free Territory of Trieste (FTT) was split into the Koper and Buje districts. After dissolution of the FTT in 1954 and transfer of its former Zone B to Yugoslavia, Koper district became a part of Slovenia while Buje district was attached to Croatia.</p><br>
<p>Manchester Castle was a medieval fortified manor house, probably located on a bluff where the rivers Irk and Irwell meet, near to Manchester Cathedral, underneath where Chetham&#39;s School of Music now is, putting it near the edge of the medieval township of Manchester.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Manchester Castle was first referred to in 1184; in 1215 it was recorded as belonging to the Greslé family, This is the last historic reference to the castle. Before the manor house was built, Manchester Castle may have taken the form of a ringwork constructed from timber and with a wooden palisade. This earlier castle has been described as "of no political or military importance". Three rings of ditches have been discovered surrounding the likely site of the castle, however these may be part of a Saxon burh or Norman castle.</p><br>
<p>In his book Warfare in England (1912), author and historian Hilaire Belloc identified the "Manchester Gap", between the Pennines and the Mersey estuary, to be one of the two most important defensive lines in medieval England along with the line of the River Thames. Although Belloc ascribed great importance to Manchester and its notional ability to hamper troop movements, castle historian D.J. Cathcart King refuted Belloc as the site was forgotten at an early date.</p><br>
<p>The Dion Islands are a group of small islands and rocks lying in the northern part of Marguerite Bay, 6 nmi south-west of Cape Alexandra, Adelaide Island, off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. They were discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for the Marquis Jules-Albert de Dion, who donated three motor sledges and whose De Dion-Bouton works produced equipment for the expedition.</p><br>
<h2>Important Bird Area</h2><br>
<p>The islands have been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because they support a breeding colony of about 500 pairs of imperial shags. There is also a small colony of about 150 pairs of emperor penguins, the second-most northerly known of this species (the most northerly being Snow Hill Island) and one of only two on land. The site has been designated an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA 107) because of the penguin colony. However, this colony was reported lost due to climatic changes in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Temple Sinai is an historic Reform synagogue located at 11 Church Street on the corner of West Hampton Avenue, in Sumter, South Carolina, United States. Built in 1912 of brick in the Moorish Revival style, Temple Sinai was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 21, 1999. It is also known as Congregation Sinai, whose official name is the Sumter Society of Israelites.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Jewish settlers in Sumter were Sephardi who came from Charleston in 1815. Congregation Sinai, whose official name is the Sumter Society of Israelites, was formed in April, 1895, by the merger of the Hebrew Cemetery Society and the Sumter Hebrew Benevolent Society. Visiting rabbis from Charleston and Augusta, Georgia. served the congregation until 1904 when Rabbi Jacob Klein settled in Sumter. The sanctuary of the present temple was built in 1912 facing Church Street to replace an earlier wooden synagogue on the site.</p><br>
<p>The Barnett Memorial Addition, a two-story brick Moorish Revival auditorium/banquest hall and classroom/office building facing West Hampton Avenue, was built in 1932, behind the sanctuary, which it complements. In 1956, the one story brick Hyman Brody Building was attached to the rear of the Barnett Memorial Addition to provide a kitchen and more classrooms, offices and restrooms. Although simpler than the other two buildings, it still has some Moorish features.</p><br>
<p>Temple Sinai&#39;s archives have been donated to the Jewish Heritage Collection at the College of Charleston.</p><br>
<h2>Stained glass windows</h2><br>
<p>Temple Sinai is noted for the eleven drapery glass stained glass windows on its side and entrance walls, which depict scenes from the Tanakh. With the exception of one round window high over the entrance portico, the windows are uniformly five feet wide by twenty feet high and in their shape mimic the castellated domed Moorish towers that flank the entrance.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>Temple Sinai is still an active reform congregation. It has entered into an agreement with Coastal Community Foundation, Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Synagogue, and the Charleston Jewish Federation to maintain its cemetery and Temple and to address concerns regarding its long-term viability</p><br>
<p>The A.C. Trumbo House  is a house in Muskogee, Oklahoma, United States, built in 1906 for Arthur C. Trumbo as a replica of one of Mark Twain&#39;s houses and is on the National Register of Historic Places. The plot on which it stands was originally in the Creek Nation, Indian territory, before it was incorporated into Oklahoma on November 16, 1907.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-and-a-half-story house that is approximately 60 ft by 100 ft in size. It includes some elements of Prairie Style architecture: long eaves "creating a horizontal quality", several banded windows, the central portion lifted higher than flanking wings, a floral-patterned stained glass window.</p><br>
<h2>NRHP Application discussion</h2><br>
<p>This was one of five historic residences that were nominated in a group, titled "Territorial Homes of Muskogee." The houses in this group include:</p><br>
<p>A. C. Trumbo House,</p><br>
<p>J.C. Welch House,</p><br>
<p>A. W. Patterson Home,</p><br>
<p>Coss Home, and</p><br>
<p>Murphy Home.</p><br>
<p>All of these houses were built in the same time period (1904-1907), shortly before the end of the Territorial Period. They are all in good condition and continue in service as residences. There have been no alterations significant enough to disturb their historic character.</p><br>
<p>Text of the badly faded sign reads: "This home, at 1321 West Broadway, built in 1906 by A.C. Trumbo, is a replica of one of Mark Twains homes. Mr. Trumbo was the son-in-law of A.W. Patterson, and both men were pioneer bankers and promoters of Muskogee and early Arkansas River navigation. Together these two men provided the financing for Muskogees Convention Hall, scene of the Trans-Mississippi Congress of 1907."</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance of A. C. Trumbo</h2><br>
<p>Trumbo and Patterson had co-founded the Bank of Muskogee in 1901, before Oklahoma became a state. At the time the Trumbo house was built, Muskogee was within the Creek Nation in Indian Territory. It was the most populous and most commercially important city in the Territory. The two men provided financing for Muskogee&#39;s Convention Hall, which was built in 1907 to house the Trans-Mississippi Commercial Convention. Trumbo succeeded Patterson as president of Bank of Muskogee in 1918.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The A.C. Trumbo House was built in 1906, based on the design of a house belonging to Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) that Mr. and Mrs. Trumbo visited during their honeymoon. The architecture includes elements of the Prairie style, such as:</p><br>
<p>a central portion that rises slightly above the flanking wings,</p><br>
<p>eaves extending well beyond the walls to create a horizontal quality,</p><br>
<p>brick and stucco extending walls that delineate the entrance and rear terrace,</p><br>
<p>leaded glass sidelights that flank the entry door,</p><br>
<p>a floriated stained glass window serving as the focal point of the facade.</p><br>
<p>Summerville, , is a large, affluent residential area and historic district located northwest of downtown Augusta, Georgia. The district is site of the historic homes of John Milledge, George Walton, and Thomas Cumming.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>18th century</h3><br>
<p>Summerville was built in the 1780s, and established as a separate village from the city of Augusta.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>During the mid to late 1810s, downtown Augusta experienced a small epidemic of malaria, which caused little effect in Summerville. In 1820, a major outbreak of fever nearly wiped out the entire garrison at the USA Arsenal. After a recommendation from an officer, the USA Arsenal purchased land that is the present-day site of Augusta University.</p><br>
<p>By 1850, Summerville became a four-season community. More permanent buildings and year-round homes sprang up as the town prospered. In 1861, Summerville was officially incorporated as a city with the boundaries defined as a circle for one-mile. Later on, Summerville became a fashionable luxury resort and golf capital with the construction of many hotels. This caused a large transformation — from a small summer resort for local residents to a winter playground for wealthy industrialists and politicians from the northern United States. Two hotels, and the Bon Air Hotel, hosted captains of industry and former presidents of the United States. Some built winter homes in the area, while others stayed permanently, escaping the harsh winters of the northern USA</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>When the city of Augusta annexed Summerville in 1912, it lost its status as a separate town. Four years later, a fire swept through downtown Augusta, destroying much of the business district and neighborhoods along lower Broad Street. This caused a housing boom for Summerville.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>On May 22, 1980, Summerville was added to the National Register of Historic Places, bounding from Highland Ave., Heard Ave., Wrightsboro Rd., Milledge Rd., and Cumming Rd.</p><br>
<h3>Historic sites</h3><br>
<p>Summerville Cemetery</p><br>
<p>Appleby Library</p><br>
<p>Partridge Inn — historic hotel that opened in 1860, many northerners stayed to escape the winters of the North (open to this day)</p><br>
<p>Stephen Vincent Benet House — historic home on campus of Augusta University</p><br>
<p>College Hill — home of George Walton from 1795 to his death in 1804</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Structures</h3><br>
<p>The architecture of Summerville include examples of Greek, Italianate, Spanish, Gothic, and many other types.</p><br>
<p>The Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows is a historic Roman Catholic church located at Starkenburg, Montgomery County, Missouri. In addition to Stations of the Cross and two grottos, the shrine includes the Church of the Risen Savior , Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows , and Log Chapel . The Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows replaced an earlier 19th century log church, which was retained on the site as a chapel. The shrine was built by a congregation of mid-19th century German immigrants and their descendants. The Church of the Risen Savior is a Gothic Revival style limestone block structure. The bell tower was added in 1891.</p><br>
<p>The Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows was designed by Professor Becker of Mainz, Germany, with John Walchshauser, an architect from St. Louis. The Romanesque Revival style structure was built between 1906 and 1910, with limestone quarried by parishioners and much labor provided by them.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Somers Hamlet Historic District is a historic district located along US 202 in Somers Hamlet in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is the stretch of highway between the junctions with NY 100 and NY 116, including small portions of both highways. Two side streets, Deans Bridge Road and The Lane, are also included, bringing its total area to 56 acres .</p><br>
<p>Forty-six of the 57 buildings, sites and structures within the district are considered contributing properties. Many of them date to the early 19th century, when the hamlet was at the junction of the Croton Turnpike (now NY 100) and the Peekskill-Danbury Turnpike (now US 202). Despite the increasing suburbanization and development in northern Westchester, particularly due to the nearby presence of the corporate headquarters of IBM and PepsiCo, the area has retained its historic integrity as a relic of the area&#39;s rural origins and a fine example of the migration of New England vernacular architectural styles into New York.</p><br>
<p>The most significant contributing property, the Elephant Hotel at the junction of NY 100 and US 202, currently serves three functions. It is Somers Town Hall, the offices of its historical society and the American Circus Historical Society. The latter agency reflects the buildings historical importance as the birthplace of the circus in the United States. The brick Federal style structure, one of the finest examples of a hotel in that style in the state, was built by Hachaliah Bailey in 1825. A decade earlier he had brought an African elephant, Old Bet, to the USA Originally he had intended to use the animal in his fields, but he found he could make more money charging visitors to see Old Bet. He later organized a traveling menagerie that began to include other animal acts and human performers as well; this grew into what became part of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.</p><br>
<p>Other historic buildings in the area are primarily wood-frame structures built as dwellings, with barns and other outbuildings supporting businesses such as blacksmithies which did a thriving business on turnpike through traffic. The presence of two Shingle style houses on NY 116 near the district&#39;s eastern end signifies the time when suburbanization began in the late 19th century, as the homeowners were wealthy enough to afford to hire an architect rather than just use vernacular stylings. Two cemeteries are also included.</p><br>
<p>The Elephant Hotel, first added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The district was created and added to the Register thirty years later. The following year, 2005, the Elephant Hotel was designated a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
